Abstract
Ye, the artist formerly known as Kanye West, admitted to, and then retracted, a personal diagnosis of bipolar disorder. He may be the most polarizing figure in popular culture, a prophet abandoned by his disciples. The author views his myriad of iconoclastic and controversial actions alongside the American public’s response to those actions through the lens of Kendrick Lamar’s seminal work To Pimp a Butterfly. America’s response to Ye’s incessant antagonism is examined through the dimensions of defiance, depression, anger, revenge, and, most importantly, duality as illuminated through Lamar’s album. An exploration is pursued between the interplay of America’s response to Ye’s behaviors, the relevance of mental instability, and leveraging Ye as an illustration of the broader assumptions made in response to any given individual’s personal mental health struggles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
BBC Radio 1. (2013, October 1). Kanye West. Zane Lowe. Full interview [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/DR_yTQ0SYVA
Billboard. (n.d.). Kanye West chart history. https://www.billboard.com/artist/kanye-west/chart-history/tlp/
Caramanica, J. (2018, June 25). Into the wild with Kanye West. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/arts/music/kanye-west-ye-interview.html
Chappelle, D. (2021, February 11). Redemption song [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/tv/CLLdODIHcmW/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading
Coates, T.-N. (2018, May 7). I’m not Black, I’m Kanye. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/05/im-not-black-im-kanye/559763/
Comtois, K. (2016, July 10). DBT workshop [PowerPoint slides]. Center for Suicide Prevention and Recovery. https://www.uwcspar.org/annual-comprehensive-dbt-training.html
Coscarelli, J. (2016, November 21). Kanye West hospitalized for exhaustion. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/21/arts/music/kanye-west-hospitalized-exhaustion.html
Gorsler, F. (2018, April 23). Kanye West & Virgil Abloh interned at Fendi: Here’s the salary. Highsnobiety. https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/kanye-west-virgil-abloh-fendi-internship/
Grady, C. (2019, August 26). How the Taylor Swift-Kanye West VMAs scandal became a perfect American morality tale. Vox. https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/8/26/20828559/taylor-swift-kanye-west-2009-mtv-vmas-explained
Hinds, J. (2021). Spitting rhymes ’til mourning comes: An exploration of hip-hop, suicidal thoughts, and spiritual lament. Pastoral Psychology, 70, 315–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-021-00957-2
Jamison, K. R. (1993). Touched with fire: Manic-depressive illness and the artistic temperament. Free Press.
Lamar, K. (2015a). Alright [Song]. On To pimp a butterfly [Album]. Aftermath Entertainment, Interscope Records.
Lamar, K. (2015b). The blacker the berry [Song]. On To pimp a butterfly [Album]. Aftermath Entertainment, Interscope Records.
Lamar, K. (2015c). Momma [Song]. On To pimp a butterfly [Album]. Aftermath Entertainment, Interscope Records.
Lamar, K. (2015d). Mortal man [Song]. On To pimp a butterfly [Album]. Aftermath Entertainment, Interscope Records.
Leonard, D. J. (2014). You got Kanyed: Seen but not heard. In J. Bailey (Ed.), The Cultural Impact of Kanye West (pp. 45–64). Palgrave MacMillan.
Metzl, J. M., & Hansen, H. (2018). Structural competency and psychiatry. JAMA. Psychiatry, 75(2), 115–116. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3891
Morgan, P. (2022, October 21). The Kanye ‘Ye’ West interview with Piers Morgan [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L63Jt6__aGw
Morris, W., & Wortham, J. (Hosts). (2022, December 6). Kanye West’s undoing [Audio podcast]. In Still Processing. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/06/podcasts/still-processing-kanye-west-undoing.html
MTV News. (2005, August). Kanye West addresses hip-hop’s homophobia in 2005 interview [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/sp45-dQvqPo
Politico. (2012, April 17). Obama calls Kanye a jack-ass [Video]. Politico. https://www.politico.com/video/2012/04/obama-calls-kanye-a-jack-ass-012679
Simmons, C., & Ozah, C. (Directors). (2022, February 16). Jeen-yuhs: A Kanye trilogy [Documentary series]. Netflix.
Voytko, L. (2022, October 25). Billionaire no more: Kanye West’s anti-Semitism obliterates his net worth as Adidas cuts ties. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisettevoytko/2022/10/25/billionaire-no-more-kanye-wests-anti-semitism-obliterates-his-net-worth-as-adidas-cuts-ties/?sh=37375fe717e7
West, K. (2004). Last call [Song]. On The college dropout [Album]. GOOD Music, Def Jam Records.
West, K. (2007). Can’t tell me nothing [Song]. On Graduation [Album]. GOOD Music, Def Jam Records.
West, K. (2013). New slaves [Song]. On Yeezus [Album]. GOOD Music, Def Jam Records.
West, K. (2018a, May 1). Kanye west / charlamagne interview [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxwfDlhJIpw
West, K. (2018b). Ye [Album art]. GOOD Music, Def Jam Records.
You Hear It First. (2002). Kanye West interview [Video]. MTV. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwbSTjCRQDQ
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gandhi, J. The Cost of Being an Iconoclast: Illuminating the Behavioral Reciprocity between America and Ye . Pastoral Psychol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-024-01133-y
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-024-01133-y