Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bimetallic impact on the energy band gap of the polymers PS, PMMA, and PVA nanocomposites

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Polymers/Al + Ag, Al + ZnO, and Ag + ZnO nanocomposites will receive much attention in their optical characterization due to their wide range of applications in optical devices. So, it is imperative to enhance their optical capabilities. This work uses the casting method to create flexible foil from nanocomposites made of three different polymer types: Al + Ag, Al + ZnO, and Ag + ZnO nanoparticles. Al + Ag, Ag + ZnO, and Al + ZnO nanoparticles are fillers, whereas polymers such as poly (methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and polyvinyl alcohol are used as the polymer matrix. The exceptional purity of the materials as prepared is confirmed by the examination of chemical mapping (EDS) spectroscopy. High absorption in the UV region has been seen in UV–visible absorption spectra, which is inversely related to the presence of Al + Ag, Al + ZnO, and Ag + ZnO nanocomposites. A linear absorption coefficient (α) has been used to show that absorption edges exist. The energy band gaps of all nanocomposites are found to be redshifted upon determination of the energy gap. The energy gap values for all samples decreased when Al + Ag, Al + ZnO, and Ag + ZnO nanoparticles were mixed with polymers. However, there is a noticeable reduction in the energy band gap in all nanocomposite samples. The created foil nanocomposites offer great potential for producing extremely efficient optoelectronic devices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

To obtain all the data included in this research, please contact the respective author.

References

  • Abd El-Kader, K., Orabi, A.: Spectroscopic behavior of poly (vinyl alcohol) films with different molecular weights. Polym. Test. 21, 591–595 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abutalib, M.M., Rajeh, A.: Influence of ZnO/Ag nanoparticles doping on the structural, thermal, optical and electrical properties of PAM/PEO composite. Physica B 578, 411796 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agobi, A., Ikeuba, A., Ekpunobi, A., IKhioya, I.L., Udofia, K.I., Ntibi, J.E.-E., Ozoemena, C.N., Abua, M.: Optical and structural properties of graphene oxide-incorporated polyvinylpyrrolidone/copper ternary nanocomposites (PVP/Cu/GO) films. Rev. Mex. Física 69, 031001-1–031001-9 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, A.A., Khazaleh, M.H., Alsaad, A.M., Al-Bataineh, Q.M., Telfah, A.D.: Characterization of As-prepared PVA-PEO/ZnO-Al2O3-NPs hybrid nanocomposite thin films. Polym. Bull. 79, 9881–9905 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alrebdi, T.A., Ahmed, H.A., Alrefaee, S.H., Pashameah, R.A., Toghan, A., Mostafa, A.M., Alkallas, F.H., Rezk, R.A.: Enhanced adsorption removal of phosphate from water by Ag-doped PVA-NiO nanocomposite prepared by pulsed laser ablation method. J. Meter. Res. 20, 4356–4364 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  • Angham, H., Ahmed, H., AbduljalilHayder, M.: Fabrication of novel (PMMA-Al2O3/Ag) nanocomposites and its structural and optical properties for lightweight and low cost electronics applications. Egypt. J. Chem. 64(1), 359–374 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  • Aziz, S.B., Nofal, M.M., Ghareeb, H.O., Dannoun, E.M., Hussen, S.A., Hadi, J.M., Ahmed, K.K., Hussein, A.M.: Characteristics of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) based composites integrated with green synthesized Al3+-metal complex: structural, optical, and localized density of state analysis. Polymers 13, 1316 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakiro, M., Ahmed, S.H., Alzamly, A.: Investigation of the band gap energy shift and photocatalytic properties of Bi3+-doped ceria. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 116, 107906 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barajas-Ledesma, E., García-Benjume, M., Espitia-Cabrera, I., Ortiz-Gutiérrez, M., Espinoza-Beltrán, F., Mostaghimi, J., Contreras-García, M.: Determination of the band gap of TiO2–Al2O3 films as a function of processing parameters. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 174, 71–73 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bulla, S.S., Bhajantri, R., Chavan, C.: Optical and structural properties of biosynthesized silver nanoparticle encapsulated PVA (Ag–PVA) films. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. 31, 2368–2380 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fallica, R., Stowers, J.K., Grenville, A., Frommhold, A., Robinson, A.P., Ekinci, Y.: Dynamic absorption coefficients of CAR and non-CAR resists at EUV. In: Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography VII, pp. 298–307. SPIE (2016)

  • Fatemi, A., Tohidi, T., Jamshidi-Galeh, K., Rasouli, M., Ostrikov, K.: Optical and structural properties of Sn and Ag-doped PbS/PVA nanocomposites synthesized by chemical bath deposition. Sci. Rep. 12, 12893 (2022)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gea, S., Situmorang, S.A., Pasaribu, N., Piliang, A.F., Attaurrazaq, B., Sari, R.M., Pasaribu, K.M., Goutianos, S.: Facile synthesis of ZnO–Ag nanocomposite supported by graphene oxide with stabilised band-gap and wider visible-light region for photocatalyst application. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 19, 2730–2741 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habeeb, M., Hashim, A., Hayder, N.: Structural and optical properties of novel (PS-Cr2O3/ZnCoFe2O4) nanocomposites for UV and microwave shielding. Egypt. J. Chem. 62, 697–708 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hameed, S., Qahtan, T.F., Abdelghany, A., Oraby, A.: ZnO/CuO nanocomposite-based carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene oxide polymer electrolytes for energy storage applications. J. Mater. Res. 22, 531–540 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussein, M., Ahang, Dannoun, E.M., Aziz, S.B., Brza, M.A., Abdulwahid, R.T., Hussen, S.A., Rostam, S., Mustafa, D.M., Muhammad, D.S.: Steps toward the band gap identification in polystyrene based solid polymer nanocomposites integrated with tin titanate nanoparticles. Polymers 12, 2320 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kodigala, S.R.: Optical properties of I–III–VI2 compounds. In: Kodigala, S.R. (ed.) Thin Films and Nanostructures, pp. 195–317. Elsevier, New York (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Koutavarapu, R., Manepalli, R., Madhav, B., Satyanarayana, T., Nagarjuna, G., Shim, J., Rao, M.: Optical, electrical and photoluminescence studies on Al2O3 doped PVA capped ZnO nanoparticles for optoelectronic device application. Optik 205, 164236 (2020)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, P., Kumar, V., Mishra, R.K., Gwag, J.S., Singh, M.K., Singhal, R., Mukhopadhyay, A.K.: A novel approach to band gap engineering of Nano-Ca(OH)2: nanocomposites with Ag2O. Ceram. Int. 48, 35771–35787 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nattah, A.M., Hashim, A.: Enhanced UV absorption and low energy gap of polymer doped ZrO2–SiC NPs. In: Materials Science Forum, pp. 357–362. Trans Tech Publications (2021)

  • Patel, G., Sureshkumar, M., Patel, P.: Effect of TiO2 on optical properties of PMMA: an optical characterization. Adv. Mater. Res. 383, 3249–3256 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudko, G., Kovalchuk, A., Fediv, V., Chen, W.M., Buyanova, I.A.: Enhancement of polymer endurance to UV light by incorporation of semiconductor nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 10, 1–6 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shanshool, H.M., Yahaya, M., Yunus, W.M.M., Abdullah, I.Y.: Investigation of energy band gap in polymer/ZnO nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27, 9804–9811 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yakuphanoglu, F., Arslan, M.: Determination of electrical conduction mechanism and optical band gap of a new charge transfer complex: TCNQ-PANT. Solid State Commun. 132, 229–234 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, D., Yang, S., Zhang, X.-Y., Ma, N., Han, B., Zhao, W., Chi, S., Liu, Y., Yang, J., Chen, L.: Damping resonance and refractive index effect on the layer-by-layer sputtering of Ag and Al2O3 on the polystyrene template. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 238, 118430 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR) and the Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory (NOR Lab), School of Physics at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), for their support and provision of a conducive research environment. We would like to convey our gratitude for the financial aid from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) under Project Code: (FRGS/1/2023/STG07/USM/02/1).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia

    Hameed Naser, Sabah M. Mohammad, Z. Hassan, A. M. Alghareeb Abbas & Suvindraj Rajamanickam

  2. Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

    Hameed Naser

  3. Science Department, Basic Education College, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Muthanna, 66001, Iraq

    A. M. Alghareeb Abbas

  4. Department of Medical Physics, University of Al Mashreq, Baghdad, Iraq

    Haider Mohammed Shanshool

Authors
  1. Hameed Naser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sabah M. Mohammad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Haider Mohammed Shanshool
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Z. Hassan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. M. Alghareeb Abbas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Suvindraj Rajamanickam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HN wrote the main manuscript text. SMM prepared Figs. HMS, ZH, AMAA and SR devised the idea and helped while preparing and supervising the final draft. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hameed Naser or Sabah M. Mohammad.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors confirmed that they had no conflicting interests to declare.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Naser, H., Mohammad, S.M., Shanshool, H.M. et al. Bimetallic impact on the energy band gap of the polymers PS, PMMA, and PVA nanocomposites. Opt Quant Electron 56, 897 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06795-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06795-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation