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An efficient attenuator for gamma rays and slow neutrons of elastic and transparent lead sodium zinc calcium borate glass

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Abstract

Aiming to produce a multifunctional efficient shield for gamma rays and slow neutrons simultaneously, a host glass of 30B2O3–10CaO–10ZnO–50Na2O (BCZNPb1) was prepared and reinforced by increasing the PbO and B2O3 concentrations simultaneously to produce three developed glassy materials containing 10 and 35 (BCZNPb2), 20 and 40 (BCZNPb3), and 30 and 45 (BCZNPb4) mol% of PbO and B2O3. Significant structural changes appeared as a result of the incorporation of PbO and B2O3 into the proposed host glass (BCZNPb1), as the network became overcrowded with the four-coordinate tetrahedral units BO4 and PbO4. The structural changes were extensively studied using X-ray diffraction, density and density-based parameters, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectra. Mechanically, the formed BO4 and PbO4 units increased the covalent bonds and the crosslinking density within the glass network, which reflected positively on the improvement of the elastic moduli (modulus of longitudinal, shear, bulk, and Young) and the hardness of the considered glasses. The results of the optical transmittance spectra showed that the produced glassy materials had high transparency, exceeding 70%. The optical band gap and Urbach energy results confirmed the reduction of disorder within the glass network, which resulted from the formation of BO4 and PbO4 units. The attenuation of gamma rays and slow neutrons results showed a significant improvement with increasing the PbO and B2O3 concentrations, as the required half-value layers to attenuate gamma rays decreased by 61.540, 57.790, and 56.699% for the studied gamma ray energies of 661.64, 1173.23, and 1132.51 keV at 30 mol% of PbO (BCZNPb4 glass), respectively, while the required half-value layer for slow neutrons decreased by 61.409% at 45 mol% of B2O3 (BCZNPb4 glass). Accordingly, the produced BCZNPb4 glass has suitable mechanical properties, high transparency, and high attenuation efficiency for gamma rays and slow neutrons, making it a desirable shield in many nuclear domains.

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Data availability

Data will be made available on request. The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to Princess Nourah bint Abdul- rahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP 2024R57), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428,, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia

    Dalal Abdullah Aloraini

  2. Basic Science Department, Institute of Aviation Engineering & Technology, Giza, Egypt

    W. A. Abu-raia

  3. Mathematical and Natural Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Egyptian Russian University, Badr, 11829, Cairo, Egypt

    Aly Saeed

Authors
  1. Dalal Abdullah Aloraini
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  2. W. A. Abu-raia
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  3. Aly Saeed
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DAA, WAA-r, and AS participated in suggesting the research point, preparing samples, analyzing and discussing the results, and writing and reviewing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Aly Saeed.

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Aloraini, D.A., Abu-raia, W.A. & Saeed, A. An efficient attenuator for gamma rays and slow neutrons of elastic and transparent lead sodium zinc calcium borate glass. Opt Quant Electron 56, 340 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-06000-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-06000-3

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