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Effects of moderate to weak atmospheric turbulence on the propagation properties of the Whittaker–Gaussian laser beam

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Abstract

The propagation properties of the Whittaker–Gaussian (WG) beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere are investigated in detail based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral and the Rytov method. An analytical expression for the on-axis average intensity distribution of the WG beam in the turbulent atmosphere is derived. In particular, some numerical examples are illustrated and analyzed with various parameter settings to show the influence of the atmospheric turbulent and the source beam parameters on the behavior of the studied beam. However, the evolution characteristics of the WG beam spreading in the atmospheric turbulent are impacted by the atmospheric turbulence strength \(C_{n}^{2}\) and the initial beam parameters including the parameter \(\mu\), the beam order \(m\), the beam waist width \(\omega_{0}\) and the wavelength \(\lambda\). According to the explored results here, our study can be beneficial in some practical applications for both the remote sensing domain and optical communication systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory LPNAMME, Laser Physics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P. B 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco

    N. Nossir, L. Dalil-Essakali & A. Belafhal

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  1. N. Nossir
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  2. L. Dalil-Essakali
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  3. A. Belafhal
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. All authors performed simulations, data collection and analysis and commented the present version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to A. Belafhal.

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Nossir, N., Dalil-Essakali, L. & Belafhal, A. Effects of moderate to weak atmospheric turbulence on the propagation properties of the Whittaker–Gaussian laser beam. Opt Quant Electron 56, 189 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05830-5

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