Skip to main content
Log in

A novel variable-length header extraction scheme based on ring laser for all-optical packet switching network

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, a novel header extraction scheme based on a semiconductor ring laser is proposed and simulated for the proof of principle. This scheme is to be used in all-optical packet switching networks which can extract return-to-zero (RZ) modulation data packets with variable header/payload length and intensive spacing. Simulations and numerical analysis for a 3-byte header and 128-byte payload show that this structure can extract headers with more than a 20 dB contrast ratio. Additionally, the structure's simplicity and its small size makes it a proper candidate for integration with other all-optical circuits.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and material

All the results are clearly mentioned in the article.

References

  • Born, C., Sorel, M., Yu, S.: Linear and nonlinear mode interactions in a semiconductor ring laser. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41(3), 261–271 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Calabretta, N., Urban, P.J., Geuzebroek, D.H., Klein, E.J., de Waardt, H., Dorren, H.J.: All-optical label extractor/eraser for in-band labels and 160-Gb/s payload based on microring resonators. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 21(9), 560–562 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Changliu, N., Min, Z., Peida, Y.: Header extraction with SOA-MZI in optical packet networks. In: 2009 2nd IEEE International Conference on Broadband Network & Multimedia Technology 2009 Oct 18 (pp. 405–409). IEEE.

  • Chrostowski, L., Shi, W.: Monolithic injection-locked high-speed semiconductor ring lasers. J. Lightwave Technol. 26(19), 3355–3362 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Danaee, E., Geravand, A., Danaie, M.: Wide-band low cross-talk photonic crystal waveguide intersections using self-collimation phenomenon. Opt. Commun. 431, 216–228 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Geravand, A., Danaie, M., Mohammadi, S.: All-optical photonic crystal memory cells based on cavities with a dual-argument hysteresis feature. Opt. Commun. 430, 323–335 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Golmohammadi, S., Akbar Nejad, V., Abbasian, K., Rostami, A.: All-optical multi-wavelength header recognition using superimposed Bragg gratings based correlators. Int. J. Numer. Model. Electron. Networks Devices Fields 26(1), 56–63 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hailu, D.H.: Ring Optical Packet switched (OPS) network: quality of service (QoS) and traffic model. Opt. Switch. Netw. 28, 36–42 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi, D., Nakao, K., Katayama, T., Kawaguchi, H.: All-optical 2-bit header recognition and packet switching using polarization bistable VCSELs. Opt. Express 23(7), 8357–8364 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, M.T., Dorren, H.J., De Vries, T., Leijtens, X.J., Den Besten, J.H., Smalbrugge, B., Oei, Y.S., Binsma, H., Khoe, G.D., Smit, M.K.: A fast low-power optical memory based on coupled micro-ring lasers. Nature 432(7014), 206–209 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Y., Chen, Q., Feng, S., Zuo, C.: Microscopic fringe projection profilometry: a review. Opt. Lasers Eng. 135, 106192–106208 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kakarla, R., Venkitesh, D.: Demonstration of optical header recognition for BPSK data using novel design of logic gates. Optics Commun. 363, 117–122 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lallas, E.N.: A survey on key roles of optical switching and labeling technologies on big data traffic of Data Centers and HPC environments. AIMS Electron. Electr. Eng. 3(3), 233–256 (2019a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lallas, E.N.: A survey on all optical label swapping techniques: Comparison and trends. Opt. Switch. Netw. 31, 22–38 (2019b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X., Feng, Y., Liu, B., Yi, D., Yang, X., Zhang, W., Chen, G., Liu, Y., Bai, P.: Influence of NbC particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding. J. Alloy. Compd. 788, 485–494 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, H.L., Bai, X.T., Chen, C.Y.: A novel scheme of all optical header extraction for optical packet switching network. Photon Netw. Commun. 21(1), 34–38 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, L., Du, X., Li, J., Li, H., Bi, M.: Optical label switching based on Manchester code+ NRZ modulation. Opt. Fiber Technol. 61, 102387 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H., Sancho, J.C., Mrdakovic, M., Miao, W., Calabretta, N.: Optical packet switching in HPC. An analysis of applications performance. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 82, 606–616 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miao, W., de Waardt, H., Calabretta, N.: Optical label switching add-drop multiplexer for high-performance metro networks. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(10), 1065–1068 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nurmohammadi, T., Abbasian, K., As’Adi, M.J., Jafari, D.: Design of an ultrafast all-optical NOR logic gate based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer using quantum-dot SOA. Optik 125(15), 4023–4029 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, J., Zhao, Q., Yin, H., Jin, Y., Liu, C.: Numerical simulation and experiment on optical packet header recognition utilizing reservoir computing based on optoelectronic feedback. IEEE Photonics J. 9(1), 1–1 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quang, N., Sóng, Đ.B.: Multi-wavelength all-optical packet switching node using modified pulse position modulation header processing. J. Sci. Technol. 43, 3–7 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorel, M., Laybourn, P.J., Giuliani, G., Donati, S.: Unidirectional bistability in semiconductor waveguide ring lasers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(17), 3051–3053 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorel, M., Giuliani, G., Scire, A., Miglierina, R., Donati, S., Laybourn, P.J.: Operating regimes of GaAs–AlGaAs semiconductor ring lasers: experiment and model. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 39(10), 1187–1195 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Z., Li, J., Tian, Y., Ge, D., Zhu, P., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., He, Y.: Flexible-rate optical packet generation/detection and label swapping for optical label switching networks. Opt. Fiber Technol. 34, 80–85 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, G., Yu, S.: Bistability and switching properties of semiconductor ring lasers with external optical injection. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 44(1), 41–48 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, G., Wang, Z., Yu, S.: Dynamic switching response of semiconductor ring lasers to NRZ and RZ injection signals. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 20(10), 785–787 (2008a)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, G., Wang, Z., Li, B., Memon, M.I., Yu, S.: Theoretical and experimental studies on bistability in semiconductor ring lasers with two optical injections. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14(3), 903–910 (2008b)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Sun, J., Chen, Q., Zuo, C.: Resolution analysis in a lens-free on-chip digital holographic microscope. IEEE Trans. Comput. Imaging. 6, 697–710 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann, S., Wixforth, A., Kotthaus, J.P., Wegscheider, W., Bichler, M.: A semiconductor-based photonic memory cell. Science 283(5406), 1292–1295 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo, C., Chen, Q., Gu, G., Feng, S., Feng, F., Li, R., Shen, G.: High-speed three-dimensional shape measurement for dynamic scenes using bi-frequency tripolar pulse-width-modulation fringe projection. Opt. Lasers Eng. 51(8), 953–960 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo, C., Chen, Q., Tian, L., Waller, L., Asundi, A.: Transport of intensity phase retrieval and computational imaging for partially coherent fields: the phase space perspective. Opt. Lasers Eng. 71, 20–32 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo, C., Sun, J., Li, J., Zhang, J., Asundi, A., Chen, Q.: High-resolution transport-of-intensity quantitative phase microscopy with annular illumination. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 1–22 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

DJ Proposed and simulated the structure. Also, analyzed data and co-wrote the paper. MD, PR and TN Supervised the research and co-wrote the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dariush Jafari.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This material is the authors’ own original work, which has not been previously published elsewhere. The paper is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. The paper reflects the authors' own research and analysis in a truthful and complete manner. This research does NOT involve human participants or Animal.

Consent to participate

All authors have been personally and actively involved in substantial work leading to the paper, and will take public responsibility for its content.

Consent to publish

All authors have been personally and actively involved in substantial work leading to the paper, and consent to publish of submitted paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jafari, D., Danaie, M., Rezaei, P. et al. A novel variable-length header extraction scheme based on ring laser for all-optical packet switching network. Opt Quant Electron 53, 329 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02973-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02973-1

Keywords

Navigation