Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Efficient upstream bandwidth utilization with minimum bandwidth waste for time and wavelength division passive optical network

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For an efficient bandwidth management among the optical network units in the upstream link of a passive optical network (PON), it is necessary to use a dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) scheme at the optical line terminal. This is really helpful for the PON service providers in meeting their delay guarantees and bandwidth commitments as per the service level agreements (SLAs). It also enables them to increase their revenue by accommodating more users in the available bandwidth. This study investigates the weaknesses of existing ITU compliant DBA schemes. The study reviews the earlier reported work on DBA with a focus on the ITU compliant schemes. The study argues that the existing reported schemes suffer from a few deficiencies such as inefficient bandwidth reporting in their polling process and borrow refund problem while utilizing the unused bandwidth (UBW). To overcome these shortcomings, an efficient bandwidth assignment (EBA) scheme is presented. Extensive simulations are performed to test the performance of the proposed scheme with both Poisson distributed and self-similar traffic patterns. The results show that the EBA scheme efficiently utilizes the UBW and RSB leading up to 80%, 90%, 60% and 99% lesser upstream delays with Poisson traffic pattern and up to 80%, 77% and 99% lesser delay with self-similar traffic compared to GREAL, IACG, and GIANT schemes. However, compared to EBU it shows up to 12% higher delay values due to reduction of its RSB share because of the utilization of UBW by T3 and T4. Overall, compared to other schemes, EBA exhibits least bandwidth waste per cycle resulting in least US delays. The bandwidth waste in EBA is also minimized due to least unallocated bandwidth ratio and frame loss rate. The maximum US delays of all traffic classes for EBA remains under 2 ms for T2 and T3 till the traffic load of 1 and till the load of 0.8 for T4 traffic class.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Angelopoulos, J.D., Leligou, H.-C., Argyriou, T., Zontos, S.: Prioritized multiplexing of traffic accessing an FSAN-compliant GPON. In: International Conference on Research in Networking, pp. 890–901 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashraf, M., Idrus, S., Iqbal, F., Butt, R., Faheem, M.: Disaster-resilient optical network survivability: a comprehensive survey. Photonics. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics5040035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aurzada, F., Scheutzow, M., Herzog, M., Maier, M., Reisslein, M.: Delay analysis of Ethernet passive optical networks with gated service. J. Opt. Netw. 7(1), 25–41 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bai, X., Shami, A., Ye, Y.: Delay analysis of Ethernet passive optical networks with quasi-leaved polling and gated service scheme. In: IEEE Second International Conference on Access Networks & Workshops, pp. 25–41 (2008)

  • Bai, X., Shami, A., Assi, C.: On the fairness of dynamic bandwidth allocation schemes in Ethernet passive optical networks. Comput. Commun. 29(11), 2123–2135 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butt, R.A., Ashraf, M.W., Faheem, M., Idrus, S.M.: A survey of dynamic bandwidth assignment schemes for TDM-based passive optical network. J. Opt. Commun. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butt, R.A., Hasunah Mohammad, S., Idrus, S.M., Rehman, S.U.: Evolution of access network from copper to PON—current status. ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 10(18), 1–10 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Butt, R.A., Idrus, S.M., Qureshi, K.N., Zulkifli, N., Mohammad, S.H.: Improved dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for XGPON. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(1), 87–97 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butt, R.A., Anwar, M.Y., Ashraf, M.W., Arfeen, M.Z.: A novel scheduling and polling mechanism for upstream bandwidth assignment in a passive optical network. Tech. J. 23(1), 64–73 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Buttaboni, A., De Andrade, M., Tornatore, M.: A multi-threaded dynamic bandwidth and wavelength allocation scheme with void filling for long reach WDM/TDM PONs. J. Light. Technol. 31(8), 1149–1157 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Das Chaity, M., Hossen, M., Saha, S.: An efficient intra thread scheduling based decentralized online multi thread polling scheme for improving QoSs of PON. In: 4th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering, ICAEE 2017, vol. 2018, pp. 143–148 (2018)

  • Feknous, M., Gravey, A., Le Guyader, B., Gosselin, S.: Status reporting versus non status reporting dynamic bandwidth allocation. In: IEEE 6th International Conference on Network of the Future (NOF), pp. 1–7 (2015)

  • Gaizi, K., Abdi, F., Abbou, F.M.: Realistic dynamic traffic generation for WDM optical networks. In: 2016 27th Irish Signals and Systems Conference, ISSC 2016, pp. 1–4 (2016)

  • Han, M.: Simple and feasible dynamic bandwidth and polling allocation for XGPON. ICACT Trans. Adv. Commun. Technol. (TACT) 2(5), 298–304 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, M.-S.: Dynamic bandwidth allocation with high utilization for XG-PON. In: 16th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, pp. 994–997 (2014)

  • Han, M.-S.: Iterative dynamic bandwidth allocation for XGPON. In: 14th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), pp. 1035–1040 (2012)

  • Han, M.-S., Yoo, H., Yoon, B.-Y., Kim, B., Koh, J.-S.: Efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation for FSAN-compliant GPON. J. Opt. Netw. 7(8), 783–795 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, M.S., Yoo, H., Lee, D.S.: Development of efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for XGPON. ETRI J. 35(1), 18–26 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg, T.: Analysis of EPONs under the static priority scheduling scheme with fixed transmission times. In: 2nd IEEE Conference on Next Generation Internet Design and Engineering, pp. 192–199 (2006)

  • ITU-T Standard G.989.3: 40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (NG-PON2): transmission convergence layer specification. Amendment 1, 1–266 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, J., Senior, J.M., Jiang, J., Senior, J.M.: A New efficient dynamic MAC protocol for the delivery of multiple services over GPON. Photonic Netw. Commun. 18, 227–236 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanonakis, K., Tomkos, I.: Offset-based scheduling with flexible intervals for evolving GPON networks. J. Light. Technol. 27(15), 3259–3268 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, R., Srivastava, A., Chatterjee, B.C., Mitra, A., Ramamurthy, B.: Performance analysis of fairness oriented dynamic bandwidth algorithm in integrated fiber-wireless architecture based on XG-PON and Wi-Fi. In: 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), pp. 1–4 (2018)

  • Kramer, G., Mukherjee, B., Pesavento, G.: IPACT: a dynamic protocol for an Ethernet PON (EPON). IEEE Commun. Mag. 40(2), 74–80 (2002a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, G., Mukherjee, B., Dixit, S., Ye, Y., Hirth, R.: Supporting differentiated classes of service in Ethernet passive optical networks. J. Opt. Netw. 1, 8–9 (2002b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, G., Mukherjee, B., Maislos, A.: Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON), 1st edn. McGraw-Hill Education, New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai, J.R., Chen, W.P.: High utilization dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm based on sorting report messages with additive-polling thresholds in EPONs. Opt. Switch. Netw. 18(P1), 81–85 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, J.R., Huang, H.Y., Chen, W.P., Wang, L.K., Cho, M.Y.: Design and analytical analysis of a novel DBA algorithm with dual-polling tables in EPON. Math. Probl. Eng. 2015, 1–10 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lam, C.F.: Fiber to the home: getting beyond 10 Gb/s. Opt. Photonics News 27(3), 22–29 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lange, C., Braune, M., Gieschen, N.: On the energy consumption of FTTB and FTTH access networks. In: National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, vol. 1, p. JWA105 (2008)

  • Lannoo, B., Verslegers, L., Colle, D., Pickavet, M., Demeester, P., Gagnaire, M.: Thorough analysis of the IPACT dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for EPONs. In: 2007 Fourth International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems (BROADNETS’07), pp. 486–494 (2007)

  • Lee, J.Y., Hwang, S.N.: Dynamic bandwidth assignment MAC protocol for differentiated services over GPON. Electron. Lett. 42(11), 653–655 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leligou, H.C., Linardakis, C., Kanonakis, K., Angelopoulos, J.D., Orphanoudakis, T.: Efficient medium arbitration of FSAN-compliant GPONs. Int. J. Commun Syst 19(5), 603–617 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahloo, M., Chen, J., Wosinska, L.: PON versus AON: which is the best solution to offload core network by peer-to-peer traffic localization. Opt. Switch. Netw. 15, 1–9 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmud, Y.A., Radzi, N.A.M., Abdullah, F., Din, N.M.: Fuzzy-logic based NSR DBA for upstream GPON. In: EEE 12th Malaysia international conference on communications (MICC), pp. 169–174 (2015)

  • Mat Sharif, K.A., Ngah, N.A., Ahmad, A., Khairi, K., Manaf, Z.A., Tarsono, D.: Demonstration of XGS-PON and GPON co-existing in the same passive optical network. In: IEEE 7th International Conference on Photonics, ICP 2018, no. 2015, pp. 7–9 (2018)

  • Memon, K.A., et al.: Demand forecasting DBA algorithm for reducing packet delay with efficient bandwidth allocation in XG-PON. Electronics 8(2), 1–13 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, T.D., Eido, T., Atmaca, T.: An enhanced QoS-enabled dynamic bandwidth allocation mechanism for Ethernet PON. In: IEEE First International Conference on Emerging Network Intelligence, pp. 135–140 (2009)

  • Obite, F., Jaja, E.T., Ijeomah, G., Jahun, K.I.: The evolution of Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) and future trends. Optik (Stuttg) 167, 103–120 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozimkiewicz, J., Ruepp, S., Dittmann, L., Wessing, H., Smolorz, S.: Evaluation of dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms in GPON networks. WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. 9(2), 111–120 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pajc̆in, B., Matavulj, P., Radivojević, M.: Improving quality of service in four-channel WDM Ethernet passive optical network. Opt. Quantum Electron. 50(10), 1–14 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadon, S.K., et al.: Dynamic hierarchical bandwidth allocation using Russian Doll Model in EPON. Comput. Electr. Eng. 38(6), 1480–1489 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Saha, S., Hossen, M., Hanawa, M.: A new DBA algorithm for reducing delay and solving the over-granting problem of long reach PON. Opt. Switch. Netw. 31, 62–71 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saki, H., Nobuyuki, T., Takeshi, S.: Feasibility demonstration of low latency DBA method with high bandwidth-efficiency for TDM-PON. OFC 2017, 7–9 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sales, V., Segarra, J., Prat, J.: An efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation for GPON long-reach extension systems. Opt. Switch. Netw. 14, 69–77 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segarra, J., Sales, V., Prat, J.: GPON scheduling disciplines under multi-service Bursty traffic and long-reach approach. In: 12th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), pp. 2–7 (2010)

  • Skubic, B., Chen, B., Chen, J.C.J., Ahmed, J., Wosinska, L.: Improved scheme for estimating T-CONT bandwidth demand in status reporting DBA for NG-PON. In: Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition (ACP), pp. 1–6 (2009)

  • Skubic, B., Chen, J., Ict, K.T.H.: A comparison of dynamic bandwidth allocation for EPON, GPON, and next-generation TDM PON. IEEE Commun. Mag. 47(3), 40–48 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skubic, B., Chen, J., Ahmed, J., Chen, B., Wosinska, L., Mukherjee, B.: Dynamic bandwidth allocation for long-reach PON: overcoming performance degradation. IEEE Commun. Mag. 48(11), 100–108 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slyne, F., Giller, R., Singh, J., Ruffini, M.: Experimental demonstration of DPDK optimised VNF implementation of virtual DBA in a multi-tenant PON. Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun. ECOC 2018(1), 1–3 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Turna, O.C., Aydin, M.A., Zaim, A.H., Atmaca, T.: A new dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm based on online-offline mode for EPON. Opt. Switch. Netw. 15, 29–43 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, C., Shao, Q., Zhan, N., Gan, C.: An (adjustable RN)-based multi-OLT PON and the dynamic programming algorithm for downstream channel. Opt. Quantum Electron. 51(4), 1–9 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xue, L., Yi, L., Ji, H., Li, P., Hu, W.: Symmetric 100-Gb/s TWDM-PON in O-band based on 10G-class optical devices enabled by dispersion-supported equalization. J. Light. Technol. 36(2), 580–586 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yi, L., et al.: Field-trial of real-time 100 Gb/s TWDM-PON based on 10G-class optical devices. In: 42nd European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications, pp. 688–697 (2016)

  • Zhang, X., Ouyang, W., Zhang, J., Wang, D., Tang, J.: A survey of network traffic generation. In: Third International Conference on Cyberspace Technology (CCT 2015), pp. 17–18 (2015)

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support of Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia through for this work through the FRGS Grant Vote Number 4F961 and the Ministry of Higher Education Pakistan through Grant Number SRGP 1981.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

    Rizwan Aslam Butt

  2. Department of Computer Engineering, Bahuddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    M. Waqar Ashraf

  3. Department of Computer Engineering, Abdulla Gul University, Keyseri, Turkey

    M. Faheem

Authors
  1. Rizwan Aslam Butt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Faheem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Waqar Ashraf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rizwan Aslam Butt.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Butt, R.A., Faheem, M. & Ashraf, M.W. Efficient upstream bandwidth utilization with minimum bandwidth waste for time and wavelength division passive optical network. Opt Quant Electron 52, 14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-2127-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-2127-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation