Skip to main content
Log in

Design and simulation of an all optical full-adder based on photonic crystals

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we have designed and investigated a new all optical full-adder based on two-dimensional photonic crystal, using interaction between incident signals in optical waveguides. The designed structure is simple and it is only consisted of 15 × 22 dielectric rods with a radius of 109 nm in a square cell and lattice constant of 409 nm, which incorporates of five optical waveguides. Two types of defects have been used to control the light behavior. The surface of the proposed structure is equal to 72 μm2, hence it is very compact. The operating wavelength of the proposed device is 1550 nm which is appropriate for telecommunication systems. The average delay time of the device is less than 2 ps, which indicates a data rate of more than 0.5 THz. This structure has a smaller size, faster response, and larger separation, between logic level 0 and 1, compared to two previously reported structures (the average constant ratio of device is 11 dB).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alipour-Banaei, H., Seif-Dargahi, H.: Photonic crystal based 1-bit full-adder optical circuit by using ring resonators in a nonlinear structure. Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 24, 29–34 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bao, J., Xiao, J., Fan, L., Li, X., Hai, Y., Zhang, T., Yang, C.: All-optical NOR and NAND gates based on photonic crystal ring resonator. Opt. Commun. 15(329), 109–112 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheraghi, F., Soroosh, M., Akbarizadeh, G.: An ultra-compact all optical full adder based on nonlinear photonic crystal resonant cavities. Superlattices Microstruct. 113, 359–365 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Derakhshan, M., Naseri, A., Ghazizadeh, M., Talebzadeh, R.: Simulant designing of an ultra-compact AND, OR logical gates based on two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides. Photonic Netw. Commun. 36(4), 1–6 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutta, H.S., Goyal, A.K., Srivastava, V., Pal, S.: Coupling light in photonic crystal waveguides: a review. Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 20, 41–58 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Goudarzi, K., Mir, A., Chaharmahali, I., Goudarzi, D.: All-optical XOR and OR logic gates based on line and point defects in 2-D photonic crystal. Opt. Laser Technol. 30(78), 139–142 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, M.M., Medhekar, S.: All-optical NOT and AND gates using counter propagating beams in nonlinear Mach–Zehnder interferometer made of photonic crystal waveguides. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 127(3), 1221–1228 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Z., Lu, Y.Y.: Efficient numerical modeling of photonic crystal heterostructure devices. J. Lightwave Technol. 33(10), 2012–2018 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Y.C., Liu, S.B., Zhang, H.F., Kong, X.K.: Realization of all optical half-adder based on self-collimated beams by two-dimensional photonic crystals. Opt. Commun. 1(348), 90–94 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Joannopoulos, J.D., Johnson, S.G., Winn, J.N., Meade, R.D.: Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2011)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, S.G., Joannopoulos, J.D.: Block-iterative frequency-domain methods for Maxwell’s equations in a planewave basis. Opt. Express 8(3), 173–190 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kotb, A., Zoiros, K.E.: Performance analysis of all-optical XOR gate with photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer at 160 Gb/s. Opt. Commun. 1(402), 511–517 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Q., Ouyang, Z., Wu, C.J., Liu, C.P., Wang, J.C.: All-optical half adder based on cross structures in two-dimensional photonic crystals. Opt. Express 16(23), 18992–19000 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza-Suárez, A., Pérez-Aguilar, H.: Numerical integral methods to study plasmonic modes in a photonic crystal waveguide with circular inclusions that involve a metamaterial. Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 21, 1–2 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nozhat, N., Alikomak, H., Khodadadi, M.: All-optical XOR and NAND logic gates based on plasmonic nanoparticles. Opt. Commun. 1(392), 208–213 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirzadi, M., Mir, A., Bodaghi, D.: Realization of ultra-accurate and compact all-optical photonic crystal OR logic gate. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(21), 2387–2390 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu, M.: Effective index method for heterostructure-slab-waveguide-based two-dimensional photonic crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(7), 1163–1165 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rani, P., Kalra, Y., Sinha, R.K.: Design and analysis of polarization independent all-optical logic gates in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal. Opt. Commun. 1(374), 148–155 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaik, E.H., Rangaswamy, N.: Design of photonic crystal-based all-optical AND gate using T-shaped waveguide. J. Mod. Opt. 63(10), 941–949 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Taflove, A.: Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. Artech House, Norwood (1995)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, C., Dou, X., Lin, Y., Yin, H., Wu, B., Zhao, Q.: Design of all-optical logic gates avoiding external phase shifters in a two-dimensional photonic crystal based on multi-mode interference for BPSK signals. Opt. Commun. 316, 49–55 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Usanov, D.A., Posadskii, V.N., Tyazhlov, V.S., Baykin, A.V.: The defect mode in a low-dimensional waveguide microwave photonic crystal. Tech. Phys. Lett. 42(5), 550–552 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Xavier, S.C., Arunachalam, K., Caroline, E., Johnson, W.: Design of two-dimensional photonic crystal-based all-optical binary adder. Opt. Eng. 52(2), 025201 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Mir.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vali-Nasab, AM., Mir, A. & Talebzadeh, R. Design and simulation of an all optical full-adder based on photonic crystals. Opt Quant Electron 51, 161 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-1881-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-1881-1

Keywords

Navigation