Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design and simulation of photonic crystal based all-optical logic gate and modulator using infiltration

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We propose all-optical logic gate and modulator using nonlinear Kerr effect. The hybrid structure based on 2-D photonic crystal slab with triangular air-hole lattice is used for this purpose. The proposed cavity of switch structure is designed by infiltration of air holes with low refractive index and high third-order nonlinear coefficient polystyrene. Using numerical simulation, we present a fast logic gate with maximum on/off ratio of 26.61 dB, and minimum switching time window of 5.66 ps, while the maximum threshold power is 181 mW. We, also, propose a modulator which can operate with the bit rate as high as above 70 Gbps.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akahane, Y., Asano, T., Song, B.-S., Noda, S.: Investigation of high-Q channel drop filters using donor-type defects in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(8), 1512–1514 (2003a)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Akahane, Y., Mochizuki, M., Asano, T., Tanaka, Y., Noda, S.: Design of a channel drop filter by using a donor-type cavity with high-quality factor in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(9), 1341–1343 (2003b)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Asano, T., Song, B.-S., Akahane, Y., Noda, S.: Ultrahigh-Q nanocavities in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12(6), 1123–1134 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baba, T., Akiyama, S., Imai, M., Hirayama, N., Takahashi, H., Noguchi, Y., Horikawa, T., Usuki, T.: 50-Gb/s ring-resonator-based silicon modulator. Opt. Express 21(10), 11869–11876 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, R.W.: Nonlinear Optics, 3rd edn. Academic Press, Rochester (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bravo-Abad, J., Rodriguez, A., Bermel, P., Johnson, S.G., Joannopoulos, J.D., Soljacic’, M.: Enhanced nonlinear optics in photonic-crystal microcavities. Opt. Express 15(24), 16161–16176 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Husko, C., Rossi, A.D., Combrie’, S., Tran, Q.V., Rainery, F., Wong, C.W.: Ultrafast all-optical modulation in GaAs photonic crystal cavities. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 021111 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuramochi, E., Notomi, M., Mitsugi, S., Shinya, A., Tanabe, T., Watanabe, T.: Ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal nanocavities realized by local width modulation of a line defect. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 041112 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuramochi, E., Taniyama, H., Tanabe, T., Shinya, A., Notomi, M.: Ultrahigh-Q two-dimensional photonic crystal slab nanocavities in very thin barriers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 111112 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, G., Zheng, X., Yao, J., Thacker, H., Shubin, I., Luo, Y., Raj, K., Cunningham, J.E., Krishnamoorthy, A.V.: 25 Gb/s 1V-driving CMOS ring modulator with integrated thermal tuning. Opt. Express 19(21), 20435–20443 (2011b)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, S., Cai, X., Wang, X.: Design of high-contrast all-optical bistable switches based on coupled nonlinear photonic crystal microcavities. J. Appl. Phys. 109, 093109 (2011a)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, S., Cai, X.: High-contrast all optical bistable switching in coupled nonlinear photonic crystal microcavities. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 131114 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, T.K., Nunes, L.R., Tsuchiya, M., Abedin, K.S., Miyazaki, T., Thourhout, D.V., Bogaerts, W., Dumon, P., Baets, R., Tsang, H.K.: High speed logic gate using two-photon absorption in silicon waveguides. Opt. Commun. 265, 171–174 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., Qin, F., Meng, Z.-M., Zhou, F., Mao, Q.-H., Li, Z.-Y.: All-optical logic gates based on two-dimensional low-refractive-index nonlinear photonic crystal slabs. Opt. Express 19(3), 1945–1953 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., Qin, F., Wei, Z.-Y., Meng, Q.-B., Zhang, D.-Z.: 10 fs ultrafast all-optical switching in polystyrene nonlinear photonic crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 131116 (2009a)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., Qin, F., Zhou, F., Li, Z.-Y.: Ultrafast and low-power photonic crystal all-optical switching with resonant cavities. J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083102 (2009b)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, H.C., Sakai, Y., Shinkawa, M., Ishikura, N., Baba, T.: 10 Gb/s operation of photonic crystal silicon optical modulators. Opt. Express 19(14), 13000–13007 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Noda, S., Chutinan, A., Imada, M.: Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure. Nature 407, 608–610 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nozaki, K., Shinya, A., Matsuo, S., Sato, T., Kuramochi, E., Notomi, M.: Ultralow-energy and high-contrast all-optical switch involving Fano resonance based on coupled photonic crystal nanocavities. Opt. Express 21(10), 11877–11888 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Passaro, V.M.N., Leonardis, F.D.: All-optical AND gate based on Raman effect in silicon-on-insulator waveguide. Opt. Quantum Elect. 38, 877–888 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pezeshki, H., Ahmadi, V.: Nanoscale effects on multichannel add/drop filter based on 2-D photonic crystal ring-resonator heterostructure. J. Theor. Appl. Phys. 6(12), 1–6 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pezeshki, H., Ahmadi, V.: All-optical bistable switching based on photonic crystal slab nanocavity using nonlinear Kerr effect. J. Mod. Opt. 60(2), 1–6 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, F., Liu, Y., Meng, Z.-M., Li, Z.-Y.: Design of Kerr-effect sensitive microcavity in nonlinear photonic crystal slabs for all-optical switching. J. Appl. Phys. 108, 053108 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinya, A., Mitsugi, S., Tanabe, T., Notomi, M., Yokohama, I.: All-optical flip-flop circuit composed of coupled two-port resonant tunneling filter in two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. Opt. Express 14(3), 1230–1235 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Soljacic’, M., Luo, C., Joannopoulos, J.D., Fan, S.: Nonlinear photonic crystal microdevices for optical integration. Opt. Lett. 28(8), 637–639 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Song, B.-S., Noda, S., Asano, T., Akahane, Y.: Ultra-high-Q photonic double-heterostructure nanocavity. Nat. Mater. 4, 207–210 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, Y., Tanaka, Y., Hagino, H., Sugiya, T., Sato, Y., Asano, T., Noda, S.: Design and demonstration of high-Q photonic heterostructure nanocavities suitable for integration. Opt. Express 17(20), 18093–18102 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Takano, H., Akahane, Y., Asano, T., Noda, S.: In-plane-type channel drop filter in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(13), 2226–2228 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, Y., Asano, T., Noda, S.: Design of photonic crystal nanocavity with Q-factor of ~109. J. Lightw. Technol. 26(11), 1532–1539 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, Y., Kawashima, H., Ikeda, N., Sugimoto, Y., Kuwatsuka, H., Hasama, T., Ishikawa, H.: Optical bistable operations in AlGaAs-based photonic crystal slab microcavity at telecommunication wavelengths. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(19), 1996–1998 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomljenovic-Hanic, S., Sterke, C.M.D., Steel, M.J.: Design of high-Q cavities in photonic crystal slab heterostructures by air-holes infiltration. Opt. Express 14(25), 12451–12456 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Q., Lipson, M.: All-optical logic based on silicon micro-ring resonators. Opt. Express 15(3), 924–929 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1477893855, Iran

    Hamed Pezeshki & Ghafar Darvish

Authors
  1. Hamed Pezeshki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ghafar Darvish
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hamed Pezeshki.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pezeshki, H., Darvish, G. Design and simulation of photonic crystal based all-optical logic gate and modulator using infiltration. Opt Quant Electron 48, 399 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0676-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0676-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation