Abstract
A novel micro-slip friction modeling approach based on real pressure distribution is presented for simulating the interface friction behavior of blades with dovetail joints in aircraft engines. Considering the influence of rotational speed and stagger angle on the true pressure distribution of the dovetail joint, an asymmetric pressure density function was established and applied to the Iwan friction model. The pressure distribution at the tenon joint interface is obtained through finite element modeling. And the pressure distribution function is obtained through dimensionality reduction and data fitting. Under the framework of the Iwan model, a new tangential friction displacement relationship at the tenon interface was obtained by changing the critical slip force density function. On this basis, a dynamic model of the dovetail blade was established and the contact characteristics of the interface were analyzed. The results indicate that under the influence of uneven pressure distribution, the width and length directions of the contact interface exhibit different friction behaviors, and the nonlinear response of the blades is affected.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and analysed during the current study are not publicly available, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52075086) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. N2203021).
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Appendix
Appendix
1.1 Detailed expressions of some equations
-
1.
Vibrational vector
$$ {\mathbf{U}}\left(\upeta \right) = {\mathbf{V}}\left(\upeta \right) = {\mathbf{W}}\left(\upeta \right) = {{\varvec{\upphi}}}_{{v}} \left(\upeta \right) = {{\varvec{\upphi}}}_{{w}} \left(\upeta \right) = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {T_{1}^{ * } \left( \eta \right)} & {T_{2}^{ * } \left( \eta \right)} & \cdots & {T_{{N_{p} }}^{ * } \left( \eta \right)} \\ \end{array} } \right]^{{\text{T}}} $$(36) -
2.
Generalized displacement vector:
$$ {\mathbf{q}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {{\mathbf{q}}_{\rm{u}} } & {{\mathbf{q}}_{{v}} } \\ \end{array} } & {{\mathbf{q}}_{{w}} } & {{\mathbf{q}}_{{{\varphi }_{{v}} }} } & {{\mathbf{q}}_{{{\varphi }_{{w}} }} } \\ \end{array} } \right]^{{\text{T}}} $$(37)where
$$ \begin{aligned} {\mathbf{q}}_{\rm{u}} \left( \text{t} \right) = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {U_{1} q_{u1} \left( t \right)} & {U_{2} q_{u2} \left( t \right)} & \cdots & {U_{{N_{p} }} q_{{uN_{p} }} \left( t \right)} \\ \end{array} } \right]^{{\text{T}}} \\ {\mathbf{q}}_{{v}} \left( \text{t} \right) = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {V_{1} q_{v1} \left( t \right)} & {V_{2} q_{v2} \left( t \right)} & \cdots & {V_{{N_{p} }} q_{{vN_{p} }} \left( t \right)} \\ \end{array} } \right]^{{\text{T}}} \\ {\mathbf{q}}_{{w}} \left( \text{t} \right) = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {W_{1} q_{w1} \left( t \right)} & {W_{2} q_{w2} \left( t \right)} & \cdots & {W_{{N_{p} }} q_{{wN_{p} }} \left( t \right)} \\ \end{array} } \right]^{{\text{T}}} \\ {\mathbf{q}}_{{{\varphi }_{{v}} }} \left( \text{t} \right) = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {\phi_{v1} q_{{\varphi_{v} 1}} \left( t \right)} & {\phi_{v2} q_{{\varphi_{v} 2}} \left( t \right)} & \cdots & {\phi_{{vN_{p} }} q_{{\varphi_{v} N_{p} }} \left( t \right)} \\ \end{array} } \right]^{{\text{T}}} \\ {\mathbf{q}}_{{{\varphi }_{{w}} }} \left( \text{t} \right) = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {\phi_{w1} q_{{\varphi_{w} 1}} \left( t \right)} & {\phi_{w2} q_{{\varphi_{w} 2}} \left( t \right)} & \cdots & {\phi_{{wN_{p} }} q_{{\varphi_{w} N_{p} }} \left( t \right)} \\ \end{array} } \right]^{{\text{T}}} \\ \end{aligned} $$ -
3.
Mass matrix:
$$ {\mathbf{M}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\mathbf{M}}_{{{11}}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {} & {{\mathbf{M}}_{22} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {} & {} & {{\mathbf{M}}_{33} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {} & {} & {} & {{\mathbf{M}}_{44} } & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {{\text{sym}}} & {} & {} & {} & {{\mathbf{M}}_{55} } \\ \end{array} } \right] $$(38) -
4.
Elements in the mass matrix:
$$ \begin{aligned} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\mathbf{M}}_{11} = \rho AL\int_{0}^{1} {{\mathbf{U}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{U}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } } & {{\mathbf{M}}_{22} = \rho AL\int_{0}^{1} {{\mathbf{V}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{V}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } } \\ {{\mathbf{ M}}_{{{33}}} = \rho AL\int_{0}^{1} {{\mathbf{W}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{W}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } } & {{\mathbf{M}}_{{{44}}} = \rho I_{y} L\int_{0}^{1} {{{\varvec{\upphi}}}_{v} \left(\upeta \right){{\varvec{\upphi}}}_{v} \left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} } {\text{d}}\eta } \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ {\mathbf{ M}}_{{{55}}} = \rho I_{z} L\int_{0}^{1} {{{\varvec{\upphi}}}_{w} \left(\upeta \right){{\varvec{\upphi}}}_{w} \left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} } {\text{d}}\eta \hfill \\ \end{aligned} $$(39) -
5.
Structural stiffness matrix:
$$ {\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{b}}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{11}}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{22} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{23} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{24} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{25} } \\ {\mathbf{0}} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{32} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{33} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{34} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{35} } \\ {\mathbf{0}} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{42} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{43} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{44} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{45} } \\ {\mathbf{0}} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{52} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{53} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{54} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{55} } \\ \end{array} } \right] $$(40) -
6.
Elements in the structural stiffness matrix:
$$\begin{aligned} \textbf{K}_{{11}} & = \text{EA}\frac{1}{L}\int_{0}^{1} {U^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)U^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}\eta } \\ \textbf{K}_{{22}} & = \kappa \text{GA}\frac{1}{L}\int_{0}^{1} {V^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)V^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta + \kappa \text{GAL}\gamma ^{{\prime}{2}} \int_{0}^{1} {V\left( \eta \right)V\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{23}} & = - \kappa \text{GA}\gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {V^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)W\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta + \kappa \text{GA}\gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {V\left( \eta \right)W^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{24}} & = \kappa \text{GAL}\gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {V\left( \eta \right)\phi _{v} \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{25}} & = - \kappa \text{GA}\int_{0}^{1} {V^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)\phi _{w} \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{32}} & = - \kappa \text{GA}\gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {W\left( \eta \right)V^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta + \kappa \text{GA}\gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {W^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)V\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{33}} & = \kappa \text{GAL}\gamma ^{{\prime}{2}} \int_{0}^{1} {W\left( \eta \right)W\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta + \kappa \text{GA}\frac{1}{L}\int_{0}^{1} {W^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)W^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{34}} & = \kappa \text{GA}\int_{0}^{1} {W^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)\phi _{v} \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{35}} &= \kappa \text{GAL}\gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {W\left( \eta \right)\phi _{w} \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{42}} & = \kappa \text{GAL}\gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{v} \left( \eta \right)V\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{43}} & = \kappa \text{GA}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{v} \left( \eta \right)W^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{44}} & = \kappa \text{GAL}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{v} \left( \eta \right)\phi _{v} \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta + \text{EI}_{y} \frac{1}{L}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{v} ^{\prime } \left( \eta \right)\phi _{v} ^{\prime } \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}\eta } + \text{EI}_{z} L\gamma ^{{\prime}{2}} \int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{v} \left( \eta \right)\phi _{v} \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}\eta } \\ \textbf{K}_{{45}} & = - \text{EI}_{y} \gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{v} ^{\prime } \left( \eta \right)\phi _{w} \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}\eta } + \text{EI}_{z} \gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{v} \left( \eta \right)\phi _{w} ^{\prime } \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}\eta } \\ \textbf{K}_{{52}} & = - \kappa \text{GA}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{w} \left( \eta \right)V^{\prime}\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{53}} & = \kappa \text{GAL}\gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{w} \left( \eta \right)W\left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta \\ \textbf{K}_{{54}} & = - \text{EI}_{y} \gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{w} \left( \eta \right)\phi _{v} ^{\prime } \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}\eta } + \text{EI}_{z} \gamma ^{\prime}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{w} ^{\prime } \left( \eta \right)\phi _{v} \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}\eta } \\ \textbf{K}_{{55}} & = \kappa \text{GAL}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{w} \left( \eta \right)\phi _{w} \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}}\eta + \text{EI}_{z} \frac{1}{L}\int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{w} ^{\prime } \left( \eta \right)\phi _{w} ^{\prime } \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}\eta } + \text{EI}_{y} L\gamma ^{{\prime}{2}} \int_{0}^{1} {\phi _{w} \left( \eta \right)\phi _{w} \left( \eta \right)^{\rm{T}} \text{d}\eta } \\ \end{aligned}$$(41) -
7.
Centrifugal rigid matrix element:
$$ {\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{c}}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{\rm{c}}^{\rm{v}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {} & {} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{c}}}^{\rm{w}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {} & {} & {} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {{\text{sym}}} & {} & {} & {} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array} } \right] $$(42) -
8.
Element in the centrifugal stiffness matrix:
$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{c}}}^{\rm{v}} = \frac{1}{L}\int_{0}^{1} {f_{{\text{c}}} {\mathbf{V}}^{\prime } \left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{V}}^{\prime } \left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{c}}}^{\rm{w}} = \frac{1}{L}\int_{0}^{1} {f_{{\text{c}}} {\mathbf{W}}^{\prime } \left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{W}}^{\prime } \left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } } \\ \end{array} $$(43) -
9.
Elastic stiffness matrix:
$$ {\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}}^{\rm{u}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}}^{\rm{v}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {} & {} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}}^{\rm{w}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {} & {} & {} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}}^{{{\varphi }_{{v}} }} } & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {{\text{sym}}} & {} & {} & {} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}}^{{{\varphi }_{{w}} }} } \\ \end{array} } \right] $$(44) -
10.
Element in the elastic stiffness matrix:
$$ \begin{aligned} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}}^{\rm{u}} = k_{u} {\mathbf{U}}\left( 0 \right){\mathbf{U}}\left( 0 \right)^{{\text{T}}} } & {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}}^{\rm{v}} = k_{v} {\mathbf{V}}\left( 0 \right){\mathbf{V}}\left( 0 \right)^{{\text{T}}} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}}^{\rm{w}} = k_{w} {\mathbf{W}}\left( 0 \right){\mathbf{W}}\left( 0 \right)^{{\text{T}}} } \\ \end{array} } \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}}^{{{\varphi }_{{v}} }} = k_{{v{\text{t}}}} {{\varvec{\upphi}}}_{{v}} \left( 0 \right){{\varvec{\upphi}}}_{{v}} \left( 0 \right)^{{\text{T}}} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{{\text{spr}}}}^{{{\varphi }_{{w}} }} = k_{{w{\text{t}}}} {{\varvec{\upphi}}}_{{w}} \left( 0 \right){{\varvec{\upphi}}}_{{w}} \left( 0 \right)^{{\text{T}}} } \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ \end{aligned} $$ -
11.
Spin softening matrix:
$$ {\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}}^{\rm{u}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}}^{\rm{v}} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}}^{{\rm{vw}}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}} & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}}^{{\rm{wv}}} } & {{\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}}^{\rm{w}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array} } \right] $$(45) -
12.
Element in the spin softening matrix:
$$ \begin{aligned} {\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}}^{\rm{u}} &= - \rho AL\Omega^{2} \int_{0}^{1} {{\mathbf{U}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{U}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } \hfill \\ {\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}}^{\rm{v}} &= - \rho AL\Omega^{2} \int_{0}^{1} {\cos^{2} \gamma \left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{V}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{V}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } \hfill \\ {\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}}^{{\rm{vw}}} &= \frac{1}{2}\rho AL\Omega^{2} \int_{0}^{1} {\sin 2\gamma \left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{V}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{W}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } \hfill \\ {\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}}^{\rm{w}} &= - \rho AL\Omega^{2} \int_{0}^{1} {\sin^{2} \gamma \left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{W}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{W}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } \hfill \\ {\mathbf{K}}_{{\text{s}}}^{{\rm{wv}}} &= \frac{1}{2}\rho AL\Omega^{2} \int_{0}^{1} {\sin 2\gamma \left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{W}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{V}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } \hfill \\ \end{aligned} $$(46) -
13.
Coriolis force matrix:
$$ {\mathbf{G}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\mathbf{0}} & {{\mathbf{G}}_{{1{2}}} } & {{\mathbf{G}}_{13} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {{\mathbf{G}}_{{{21}}} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {{\mathbf{G}}_{31} } & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} & {\mathbf{0}} \\ \end{array} } \right] $$(47) -
14.
Element in the Coriolis force matrix:
$$ \begin{aligned} & {{\mathbf{G}}_{{1{2}}} { = } - 2\rho AL\Omega \int_{0}^{1} {\cos \gamma \left( \eta \right){\mathbf{U}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{V}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } } \\ & {{\mathbf{G}}_{13} { = 2}\rho AL\Omega \int_{0}^{1} {\sin \gamma \left( \eta \right){\mathbf{U}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{W}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } } \\ & {{\mathbf{G}}_{21} = 2\rho AL\Omega \int_{0}^{1} {\cos \gamma \left( \eta \right){\mathbf{V}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{U}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } } \\ & {{\mathbf{G}}_{{{3}1}} = - 2\rho AL\Omega \int_{0}^{1} {\sin \gamma \left( \eta \right){\mathbf{W}}\left(\upeta \right){\mathbf{U}}\left(\upeta \right)^{{\text{T}}} {\text{d}}\eta } } \\ \end{aligned}$$(48) -
15.
Excitation force vector:
$$ {\mathbf{F}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\mathbf{F}}_{u} } & {{\mathbf{F}}_{v} } \\ \end{array} } & {{\mathbf{F}}_{w} } & {{\mathbf{F}}_{{\varphi_{v} }} } & {{\mathbf{F}}_{{\varphi_{w} }} } \\ \end{array} } \right]^{{\text{T}}} $$(49)where
$$ \begin{aligned} {\mathbf{F}}_{\rm{u}} &= {\mathbf{0}} \hfill \\ {\mathbf{F}}_{{v}} &= Lf_{{\text{e}}} \int_{0}^{{1}} {\cos \gamma \left( \eta \right){\mathbf{V}}(\upeta )} {\text{d}}\eta + F_{{_{{{\text{nl}}}} }}^{v} {\mathbf{V}}\left( 0 \right) \hfill \\ {\mathbf{F}}_{{w}} & = Lf_{{\text{e}}} \int_{0}^{{1}} {\sin \gamma \left( \eta \right){\mathbf{W}}(\upeta )} {\text{d}}\eta + F_{{_{{{\text{nl}}}} }}^{w} {\mathbf{W}}\left( 0 \right) \hfill \\ {\mathbf{F}}_{{{\varphi }_{{v}} }} & = {\mathbf{0}} \hfill \\ {\mathbf{F}}_{{{\varphi }_{{w}} }} & = {\mathbf{0}} \hfill \\ \end{aligned} $$(50)
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Li, Cf., Zhang, Gb., Liu, Xw. et al. Nonlinear dynamics analysis of pre-twisted blade with dovetail joint based on a two-dimensional micro-slip friction model. Nonlinear Dyn 111, 18837–18859 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-023-08825-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-023-08825-9