Abstract
The Bodrum/Kos earthquake that occurred around the island of Kos (Greece) on July 20, 2017, caused serious uneasiness for the people of the region. The earthquake, which occurred 10 km away from Bodrum (36.929° N-27.414° E) at 22:31 UT and at a depth of 7 km, was reported with Mw 6.6. This paper examines the ionospheric anomalies by the means of the total electron content (TEC) map of 61 days. This work utilizes the GNSS-based time-domain TEC map. The TEC (TECU) map is interpolated with Bodrum, Turkey, locations at 35.000° N-37.500° N and 25.000° E-30.000° E. This problem presents a frequency-domain TEC map by exhibiting its amplitudes with Fourier transformation spectral analysis. Earthquakes, solar activities, and geomagnetic storms that can potentially reason anomalies are studied in this essay. The F10.7 (sfu) governs the solar activity effect. OMNI web space weather condition tools direct geomagnetic storms discussion. Statistical approach determines the TEC map boundaries. The TEC map out of the boundaries is marked as an anomaly. The paper detects 11-day TEC map anomalies (7 of these days are before the earthquake). As any space weather condition effect could not be detected, the anomalies on June 22 and 23 and July 1, 2, and 4 possibly are the precursors of the Bodrum/Kos event. The anomalies on July 8 and 15 are probably associated with the earthquake and geomagnetic storms. The source of the anomaly on days July 21 and August 3, 5, and 20 may be the aftershocks of the earthquake and geomagnetic storms.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Kyoto University. The authors also want to thank the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). Research of E. Nane is partially funded by the Simons Foundation Collaboration Grants for Mathematicians. This paper is dedicated to the eyewitnesses of the 6 February earthquake that occurred on the Turkey-Syria border and devastated the people of the settlement.
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The authors have not disclosed any funding. This work is partially funded by the Simons Foundation Collaboration Grants for Mathematicians.
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Eroglu, E., Nane, E. & Göker, Ü.D. Seismo-ionospheric anomalies related to the Mw 6.6, July 20, 2017, earthquake in Bodrum, Turkey. Nat Hazards 117, 1521–1539 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05914-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05914-1