Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Real-time database for geochemical earthquake precursory research

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Natural Hazards Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present research for the first time, an effort has been made to create an online real-time database for geochemical earthquake precursory research. The manually operating real-time database has been improved for earthquake precursory studies by changing the operating system from manual to automatic. We have used an open-source programming languages "R" and python for the data computing. Both are free programming languages software for statistical computing and graphics. To upgrade our working procedure to integrate our data with the popular and famous open source web application solution stack "AMP" (Apache, MySQL, and PHP) has been used. In this real-time database, continuous radon data from our monitoring stations, whereas, seismic and metrological data from Central Weather Bureau have been uploaded. It enables us to see the changes in the radon time series before and after the seismic events. Now, we could analyze the data in better ways before the seismic events using mathematical tools. This system would be very helpful in increasing the efficiency of earthquake prediction studies. It is also useful to have a better understanding of the physical processes involved in the more advanced statistical tools that allow the prognostic of earthquakes by the use of the data from a network of continuous monitoring stations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data included in the manuscript are available upon request by contacting with the corresponding author.

Code availability

Not available.

References

  • Arora BR, Kumar A, Walia V, Yang TF, Fu CC, Liu TK, Wen KL, Chen CH (2017) Cleaning soil gas radon at Hsinchu, Taiwan for contamination from meteorological and hydrological parameters: a step forward to identify earthquake precursors. J Asian Earth Sci 149:49–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chyi LL, Quick TJ, Yang TF, Chen CH (2005) Soil gas radon spectra and earthquakes. Terr Atmos Ocean Sci 16:763–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu CC, Wang PK, Lee LC, Lin CH, Chang WY, Giuliani G, Ouzounov D (2015) Temporal variation of gamma rays as a possible precursor of earthquake in the Longitudinal Valley of eastern Taiwan. J Asian Earth Sci 114(2):362–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu CC, Yang TF, Walia V, Liu TK, Lin SJ, Chen CH, Hou CS (2009) Variations of soil–gas composition around the active Chihshang Fault in a plate suture zone, eastern Taiwan. Radiat Meas 44:940–944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu CC, Yang TF, Tsai MC, Lee LC, Liu TK, Walia V, Chen CH, Chang WY, Kumar A, Lai TH (2017) Exploring the relationship between soil degassing and seismic activity by continuous radon monitoring in the Longitudinal Valley of eastern Taiwan. Chem Geol 149:64–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh D, Deb A, Sengupta R (2009) Anomalous radon emission as precursor of earthquake. J Appl Geophys 69(2):67–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann J, Levy JK (2005) Hydrogeological and gas geochemical earthquake precursors: a review for application. Nat Hazards 34:279–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Itaba S, Koizumi N, Matsumoto N, Ohtani R (2010) Continuous observation of groundwater and crustal deformation for forecasting Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes in Japan. Pure Appl Geophys 167:1105–1114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King C, Igarashi G (2002) Earthquake-related hydrologic and geochemical changes. Int Handb Earthq Eng Seismol 81A:637–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Singh S, Mahajan S, Bajwa BS, Kalia R, Dhar S (2009) Earthquake precursory studies in Kangra valley of north-west Himalayas, India, with special emphasis on radon emission. Appl Radiat Isotopes 67:1904–1911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Walia V, Arora BR, Yang TF, Lin SJ, Fu CC, Chen CH, Wen KL (2015) Identifications and removal of diurnal and semi-diurnal variations in radon time-series data of Hsinhua monitoring station in SW Taiwan using singular spectrum analysis. Nat Hazards 79(1):317–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinelli G (2015) Hydrogeological and geochemical precursors of earthquakes: an assessment for possible applications. Boll Geofis Teorica Appl 56(2):83–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto N, Koizumi N (2011) Recent hydrological and geochemical research for earthquake prediction in Japan. Nat Hazards 69:1247–1260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mead MI, Popoola O, Stewart G, Landshoff P, Calleja M, Hayes M, Baldoví JJ, McLeod MW, Hodgson T, Dicks J, Lewis AC, Cohen J, Baron R, Saffell J, Jones RL (2013) The use of electrochemical sensors for monitoring urban air quality in low-cost, high-density networks. Atmos Environ 70:186–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicoli L, Massimiani G, Segantin S, Zucchetti M (2019) Detection of radon emissions during 2016/2017 earthquakes in Abruzzo (Italy). Fresenius Environ Bull 28(2):672–680

    Google Scholar 

  • Papastefanou C (2007) Measuring radon in soil gas and ground waters: a review. Ann Geophys 50(4):569–578

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez NM, Hernandez PA, Igarashi G, Trujillo I, Nakai S, Sumino H, Wakita H (2008) Searching and detecting earthquake geochemical precursors in CO2-rich ground waters from Galicia. Spain. Geochem J 42(1):75–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramola R, Prasad M, Kandari T, Pant P, Bossew P, Mishra R, Tokonami S (2016) Dose estimation derived from the exposure to radon, thoron and their progeny in the indoor environment. Sci Rep 6:31061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robert D, Cicerone RD, Ebel JE, Britton JA (2009) Systematic compilation of earthquake precursors. Tectonophysics 476(3–4):371–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Torkar D, Zmazek B, Vaupotic J, Kobal I (2010) Application of artificial neural networks in simulating radon levels in soil gas. Chem Geol 270(1–4):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walia V, Virk HS, Yang TF, Mahajan S, Walia M, Bajwa BS (2005) Earthquake prediction studies using radon as a precursor in N-W Himalayas, India: a case study. Terr Atmos Ocean Sci 16:775–804

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walia V, Yang TF, Kumar A, Fu CC, Chiu JM, Chang HH, Wen KL, Chen CH (2012) Temporal variation of soil gas compositions for earthquake surveillance in Taiwan. Radiat Meas 50:154–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walia V, Yang TF, Lin SJ, Hong WL, Fu CC, Wen KL, Chen CH (2009a) Geochemical variation of soil-gas composition for fault and earthquake precursory studies along Hsincheng fault in NW Taiwan. Appl Radiat Isotopes 67:1855–1863

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walia V, Yang TF, Lin SJ, Hong WL, Fu CC, Wen KL, Chen CH (2009b) Continuous temporal soil gas composition variations for earthquake precursory studies along Hsincheng and Hsinhua faults in Taiwan. Radiat Meas 44:934–939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walia V, Yang TF, Lin SJ, Kumar A, Fu CC, Chiu JM, Chang HH, Wen KL, Cheng CH (2013) Temporal variation of soil gas compositions for earthquake surveillance in Taiwan. Radiat Meas 50:154–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White RM, Paprotny I, Doering F, Cascio W, Solomon P, Gundel L (2012) Sensors and ‘Apps’ for community-based atmospheric monitoring. Air Waste Manag Assoc 5:36–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang TF, Fu CC, Walia V, Chen CH, Chyi LL, Liu TK, Song SR, Lee M, Lin CW, Lin CC (2006) Seismogeochemical variations in SW Taiwan: multi-parameter automatic gas monitoring results. Pure Appl Geophys 163:693–709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang TF, Liu, TK, Kuo MCT (2011) Observation and research on active faults by geochemical method (II). In: Cent. Geological Survey Open-File Report 100–08

  • Yang TF, Walia V, Chyi LL, Fu CC, Wang CC, Chen C-H, Liu TK, Song SR, Lee CY, Lee M (2005) Variations of soil radon and thoron concentrations in a fault zone and prospective earthquakes in SW Taiwan. Radiat Meas 40:496–502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuce G, Fu CC, D’Alessandro W, Gulbay AH, Lai CW, Bellomo S, Yang TF, Italiano F, Walia V (2017) Geochemical characteristics of soil radon and carbon dioxide within the Dead Sea Fault and Karasu Fault in the Amik Basin (Hatay), Turkey. Chem Geol 429:129–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zmazek B, Todorovski L, Dzeroski S, Vaupotic J, Kobal I (2003) Application of decision trees to the analysis of soil radon data for earthquake prediction. Appl Radiat Isot 58(6):697–706

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Ministry of Science and Technology Taiwan for supporting this work financially under the projects. Authors are also thankful to Hsiao-Hsien Chang for his help in building the real-time database.

Funding

This work is partially funded by Ministry of Science and Technology Taiwan under the projects number 108-2116-M-492-003 and 109-2811-M-492-500.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Research on Earthquake Engineering, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan

    Arvind Kumar, Vivek Walia & Shih-Jung Lin

  2. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

    Ching-Chou Fu

Authors
  1. Arvind Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vivek Walia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shih-Jung Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ching-Chou Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

The idea for this manuscript arose from discussions between all of the coauthors. AK drafted the manuscript and helped in developing the real-time database. VW has developed the framework and lead the team. SJ constrained the data inputs with field observations and maintaining the monitoring stations. CCF provided valuable input on data and its interpretations.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vivek Walia.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest, which includes all financial and non-financial interests and relationships.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, A., Walia, V., Lin, SJ. et al. Real-time database for geochemical earthquake precursory research. Nat Hazards 104, 1359–1369 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04220-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04220-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation