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Landslides triggered by multiple earthquakes: insights from the 2018 Lombok (Indonesia) events

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Abstract

Earthquake-triggered landslides significantly contribute to worsening the impact of seismic events; thus, comprehensive landslide inventories are essential for improving seismic hazard assessment. During complex seismic sequences, landslides are triggered by more than one event and the final inventory reflects the spatial and temporal evolution of the sequence. Here, I analyze the landslides triggered by the 2018 Lombok (Indonesia) seismic sequence. I use high-resolution satellite imagery to map 4823 landslides triggered after the 05/08/2018 event (Mw 6.9) and 9319 landslides after the 19/08/2018 event (Mw 6.9). I analyze the distribution and evolution over time of landslide density and landslide area percentage. Despite the significant increase in number and cumulative area of the landslides, the 05/08 and 19/08 events share the maximum dimension of individual landslides; this suggests that the maximum intensity is equal for the two events, i.e., X on the Environmental Scale Intensity scale. I compare the distribution of landslides with macroseismic information provided by eyewitnesses through online questionnaires. Finally, I investigate the role of earthquake environmental effects within seismic sequences, showing that effects on the natural environment provide complementary information with respect to traditional intensity and felt reports.

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Acknowledgements

I want to thank Franz Livio and Alessandro Michetti for fruitful discussion and the two anonymous reviewers; Planet for providing PlanetScope imagery as part of the Education and Research program and ESA for Copernicus Sentinel data. Did You Feel It data are retrieved from the USGS website (https://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/dyfi/). PRECL Precipitation data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Aster GDem is a product of METI and NASA. LandScan 2017™ High Resolution global Population Data Set is copyrighted by UT-Battelle, LLC, operator of Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the United States Department of Energy.

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    M. F. Ferrario

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Ferrario, M.F. Landslides triggered by multiple earthquakes: insights from the 2018 Lombok (Indonesia) events. Nat Hazards 98, 575–592 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03718-w

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