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Community resilience to tsunamis along the Southeastern Pacific: a multivariate approach incorporating physical, environmental, and social indicators

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Abstract

Tsunamic events are a frequent hazard to coastal towns. Despite this, the extent to which resilience models can be applied to coastal towns as well as the aspects that should be considered when doing so have not been fully evaluated. There is little information regarding the specific indicators that allow cities to better cope and adapt to the impacts of tsunamis, and this information is especially scarce for developing countries such as Chile. The main objective of this study is to develop a resilience model to explore the extent to which local characteristics influence the resilience of Chilean coastal communities to tsunami hazards. Accordingly, this study presents the Coastal Community Resilience model (The CORE model) for exploring the adaptive capacity of coastal areas affected by tsunamis. This model was then applied to fourteen coastal villages, distributed within four towns, three communes, and two regions of Chile. Data comprising 21 indicators that address the physical, environmental, and social resilience aspects of the villages were obtained on-site and from governmental and municipality databases; these data were then subjected to multivariate analysis in order to determine which indicators most and least affect resilience and whether indicators affect resilience positively or negatively. Variation in resilience among the villages was explained by similarities and differences in the administrative-political, urban, rural, and indigenous characteristics of the study areas. In addition to these results, we discuss land use planning considerations to build community resilience, and we provide insight into the utility of the resilience model proposed here. Overall, our findings shed light on gaps in planning policies and opportunities for planning coastal resilient communities, particularly for those where data of explicit indicators are scarce like in Chile and other developing countries.

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Fig. 1

Source This study. Information about land use and urban structure was collected from the National Forest Corporation (CONAF), local municipalities, and the Ministry of Public Works (MOP). This figure was created in ArcGis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Paula Villagra & Roger D. Sepúlveda

  2. Laboratorio de Paisaje y Resiliencia Urbana (PRULAB), Campus Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Paula Villagra & Carolina Quintana

  3. Escuela de Arquitectura, Facultad de Arquitectura, Arte y Diseño, Universidad Diego Portales, República 180, Santiago, Chile

    Marie Geraldine Herrmann

  4. Centro de Investigación: South American Research Group on Coastal Ecosystems (SARCE), Caracas, Venezuela

    Roger D. Sepúlveda

Authors
  1. Paula Villagra
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  2. Marie Geraldine Herrmann
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  3. Carolina Quintana
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  4. Roger D. Sepúlveda
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Correspondence to Paula Villagra.

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Villagra, P., Herrmann, M.G., Quintana, C. et al. Community resilience to tsunamis along the Southeastern Pacific: a multivariate approach incorporating physical, environmental, and social indicators. Nat Hazards 88, 1087–1111 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2908-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2908-1

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