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Disaster prevention, disaster preparedness and local community resilience within the context of disaster risk management in Cameroon

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Abstract

Cameroon was one of the 57 countries that participated in the Global Network of Civil Society Organizations for Disaster Reduction (GNDR) Views from the Frontline (VFL) 2013 project on everyday disasters, community resilience and disaster preparedness. Working with 6 other civil society organizations, Geotechnology, Environmental Assessment and Disaster Risk Reduction administered 400 questionnaires to frontliners in 7 administrative regions of the country on 14 disaster indicators that assessed the underlying causes of disasters and the level of preparedness and resilience of the communities. Scores from the 89% of informants who responded show that Cameroon occupied the 43rd position globally, was 15th out of the 23 African countries, and was 7th out of the 9 West African countries surveyed. Cameroon average scores for all 14 indicators were lower (poorer) than the West African average, suggesting that a lot more effort is needed in managing disaster risks in the country, i.e., reducing vulnerabilities and increasing preparedness and resilience. At the national level, the Center and Adamaoua Regions recorded the lowest scores of the survey. Above-average scores recorded for some indicators in the Southwest, Northwest and Far North Regions are interpreted to be due to disaster prevention activities like monitoring via early warning systems, resilience building and outreach exercises carried out for disasters like landslides, floods, gas explosions from lakes, and volcanic eruptions, in these areas. Cameroon presently has many laws relating to disaster risk management matters, but an analysis of how the laws are applied shows that the expected results have not been attained, mainly because of over-centralization and a reactive, rather than a proactive approach to disaster risk management. Given her current disaster risk profile, Cameroon has to increase research, better manage, and make disaster risks a central tenet in her development project decision-making, if the goal earmarked in her development vision to become a newly industrialized country by 2035 has to be realized. We propose the creation of an autonomous statutory National Disaster Risk Management Agency which will have a local community-driven bottom-top approach to disaster risk management, and disseminate appropriately tailored disaster risk information to promote a proactive community-based resilience and disaster prevention framework. This will fulfill the post-2015 Sendai framework priority of action No. 2 (strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk) and appropriately prepare Cameroon to face the challenges of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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Acknowledgements

As we finished the first draft of this article (Sat April 25, 2015), thousands of Chilians were grappling with the eruption of Calbuco volcano. A 7.8 magnitude earthquake had just hit central Nepal that Saturday morning and the deads from the earthquake were still being counted. We dedicate this article to them and send our heart-felt condolences to those who lost their love ones in yet another major disaster these last years, after the 2011 earthquake and resulting tsunami that caused devastation in eastern Japan. We thank GNDR, particularly Marcus Oxley and Regine Nagel, for commissioning GEADIRR as the Cameroon national coordinating organization and for providing material and logistic support to carry out the work. All other national and regional coordinating organizations (NCOs and RCOs) from West and Central Africa are acknowledge for sharing ideas, either online or during regional and global meetings. The collective effort of all Participating Organizations (POs) in Cameroon enabled us to increase the number of administered questionnaires by up to 42% from 206 in VFL-2011. We are grateful to all of them listed in Table 1. We are also thankful to all questionnaire respondents: local administrators, divisional officers, subdivisional officers, mayors, quarter heads, chiefs, police/gendarme officers, doctors, nurses, school teachers and indeed everyone from all the 7 regions that participated in the survey. We also thank those CSOs that did not work directly as POs but that supported the process. Discussions with Mr. C. Kengne of DPC are heartily acknowledged. Part of this work was presented by AFT during the 11th annual Asia Oceania Geoscience Society meeting that held in Sapporo (Japan) in August 2014. We acknowledge suggestions from 2 anonymous reviewers that helped to improve the manuscript. Work on Lakes Nyos and Monoun is coordinated by the Cameroon Institute for Geological and Mining Research (IRGM) and carried out in collaboration with university scientists and institutions from Japan: Tokai, Toyama and other universities, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), especially within the framework of SATREPS-NyMo project; America: Michigan University, Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) and US Geological Survey (USGS); France: Savoie University and French Embassy in Yaounde. The VLIR project was supported by the Universities of Buea (Cameroon) and Ghent (Belgium).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IRGM) Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation (MINRESI), P.O. Box 4110, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Festus Tongwa Aka, Wilson Yatoh Fantong,  Issa, Serges Laurent Bopda Djomou, Gregory Tanyileke, Joseph Metuk Nnange & Joseph Victor Hell

  2. Geotechnology, Environmental Assessment and Disaster Risk Reduction (GEADIRR), P.O. Box 437, Limbe, Cameroon

    Festus Tongwa Aka & Gaston Wung Buh

  3. Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Isabella Tem Zouh

  4. Geo-Environmental Management and Disaster Awareness (GEMDA), P.O. Box 7003, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Richard Tanwi Ghogomu

  5. Global Network of Civil Society Organizations for Disaster Reduction, 8 Waldegrave Road, Teddington, London, TW11 8HT, UK

    Terry Gibson

  6. Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Mary-Ann Marmol del

  7. International Commission of Congo-Oubangui-Sangha Basin (CICOS), Building Kilou, 24 Av. Wagenia, Kinshasa/Gombo, Democratic Republic of Congo

    Luc Nkamdjou Sigha

  8. Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan

    Takeshi Ohba

  9. Department of Biology and Environmental Chemistry, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, 980-8555, Japan

    Minoru Kusakabe

  10. Yoshida Consulting Engineering Office, 3-46-10,Tsukigaoka, Morioka, Iwate-ken, 020-0121, Japan

    Yutaka Yoshida

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  1. Festus Tongwa Aka
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Correspondence to Festus Tongwa Aka.

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Aka, F.T., Buh, G.W., Fantong, W.Y. et al. Disaster prevention, disaster preparedness and local community resilience within the context of disaster risk management in Cameroon. Nat Hazards 86, 57–88 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2674-5

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