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Genetics and Functional Imaging: Effects of APOE, BDNF, COMT, and KIBRA in Aging

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Abstract

Increasing evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal molecular-genetic studies suggests that effects of common genetic variations on cognitive functioning increase with aging. We review the influence of candidate genes on brain functioning in old age, focusing on four genetic variations that have been extensively investigated: APOE, BDNF, COMT, and KIBRA. Similar to the behavioral evidence, there are reports from age-comparative studies documenting stronger genetic effects on measures of brain functioning in older adults compared to younger adults. This pattern suggests disproportionate impairments of neural processing among older individuals carrying disadvantageous genotypes. We discuss various factors, including gene-gene interactions, study population characteristics, lifestyle factors, and diseases, that need to be considered in future studies and may help understand inconsistent findings in the extant literature.

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Acknowledgments

Preparation of this review was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare, Swedish Brain Power, an Alexander von Humboldt Research Award, and a donation from the af Jochnick Foundation to Lars Bäckman.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30, Stockholm, Sweden

    Goran Papenberg, Alireza Salami, Jonas Persson & Lars Bäckman

  2. Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany

    Goran Papenberg & Ulman Lindenberger

  3. Integrative Medical Biology (Physiology) and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

    Alireza Salami

  4. Max Planck University College London Centre of Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK

    Ulman Lindenberger

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  1. Goran Papenberg
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Papenberg, G., Salami, A., Persson, J. et al. Genetics and Functional Imaging: Effects of APOE, BDNF, COMT, and KIBRA in Aging. Neuropsychol Rev 25, 47–62 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-015-9279-8

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