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Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-4 Regulates mRNA Expression of Amyloid-Beta Degrading Enzymes and Microglia Mediators of Phagocytosis in Brains of 3xTg-AD Mice

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting in memory and cognitive impairment. The use of somatostatin receptor subtype-4 (SSTR4) agonists have been proposed for AD treatment. This study investigated the effects of selective SSTR4 agonist NNC 26-9100 on mRNA expression of key genes associated with AD pathology (microglia mediators of Aβ phagocytosis, amyloid-beta (Aβ)-degrading enzymes, anti-oxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in 3xTg-AD mice. Mice were administered NNC 26-9100 (0.2 µg, i.c.v.) or vehicle control, with cortical and subcortical brain tissue collected at 6 h and 24 h post-treatment. At 6 h, NNC 26-9100 treatment decreased cortical expression of cluster of differentiation-33 (Cd33) by 25%, while increasing cortical and subcortical macrophage scavenger receptor-1 (Msr1) by 1.8 and 2.0-fold, respectively. The Cd33 downregulation and Msr1 upregulation support a state of microglia associated Aβ phagocytosis. At 24 h, NNC 26-9100 treatment increased the cortical expression of Sstr4 (4.9-fold), Aβ-degrading enzymes neprilysin (9.3-fold) and insulin degrading enzyme (14.8-fold), and the antioxidant catalase (3.6-fold). Similar effects at 24 h were found in subcortical tissue with NNC 26-9100 treatment, but did not reach statistical significance. No changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were found. These data demonstrated NNC 26-9100 facilitates transcriptional changes in brain tissue identified with Aβ phagocytosis and clearance, further supporting SSTR4 as a treatment target for AD.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Age division, grant no. R01AG047858, and Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Graduate School.

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 200 University Park Drive., Building 220, Edwardsville, IL, 62025, USA

    Karin Sandoval, David Umbaugh, Austin House, Albert Crider & Ken Witt

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Sandoval, K., Umbaugh, D., House, A. et al. Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-4 Regulates mRNA Expression of Amyloid-Beta Degrading Enzymes and Microglia Mediators of Phagocytosis in Brains of 3xTg-AD Mice. Neurochem Res 44, 2670–2680 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-019-02890-6

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