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Particulate Matter Facilitates C6 Glioma Cells Activation and the Release of Inflammatory Factors Through MAPK and JAK2/STAT3 Pathways

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Abstract

It has been widely accepted that astrocytes, play a role in regulating almost every physiological system. In the present study, we investigated the role of particulate matter (PM) in regulating activation of astrocytes. The glial cell strain C6 was cloned from a rat glioma which was induced by N-nitrosomethylurea. The C6 cells were plated at a density of 5 × 106 cells/10 cm diameter dish and incubated with different concentrations (0, 12, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) of PM for 24 h and different time (0, 1, 3, 6, 8,12, and 24 h) with 100 μg/mL at 37 °C. The study revealed that PM stimulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the production of IL-1β in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, activation of JAK2/STAT3 and p38/JNK/ERK MAPKs was found in astrocytes following PM treatment. Blockage of JAK and p38/JNK/ERK MAPKs with their specific inhibitors, AG490, SB202190, SP600125 and U0126 significantly reduced PM-induced iNOS expression and IL-1β production. In addition, it was demonstrated that inhibition of p38, JNK and JAK prevented STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation induced by PM, while blocking ERK did not. MAPKs (p38 and JNK) could regulate tyrosine STAT3 phosphorylation, which suggested that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway might be the downstream of p38/JNK MAPK pathways.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21277078).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Ting Li, Jiamin Mao, Ye Zou & Gang Chen

  2. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Jianya Zhao, Cheng Wang & Yan Zhang

  3. Department of Public Health, the Second People’s Hospital of Nan Tong, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Jianbin Ge, Jianbin Yang & Xinjian Song

  4. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Yanmei Liu

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  1. Ting Li
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Li, T., Zhao, J., Ge, J. et al. Particulate Matter Facilitates C6 Glioma Cells Activation and the Release of Inflammatory Factors Through MAPK and JAK2/STAT3 Pathways. Neurochem Res 41, 1969–1981 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-1908-y

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