Abstract
This work aimed to assess if nonlinear models accurately predict the wood productive capacity of B. excelsa plantations in Amazonia and identify topoedaphic characteristics more linked to growth variations in these plantations. Nonlinear models were tested to classify the productive capacity of B. excelsa stands of different ages (14 to 21 years), by algebraic difference method. We used a database of 75 temporary plots and complete stem analyses of 30 trees. Soil sampling was performed at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm, for chemical analyses (\({\text{pH}}_{{{\text{H}}_{{2}} {\text{O}}}}\), pHKCl, C, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Na+) and physical (soil density, penetration resistance, granulometry). Topographic information was obtained by GPS and digital elevation image. Site classes were spatialized in the study area by method ordinary point kriging. Relationships between topoedaphic variables and site index were evaluated by correlation matrix to identify major characteristics limiting site productivity, and regression models were generated by stepwise backward method to evaluate whether topoedaphic characteristics explain growth variation in B. excelsa stands. The Chapman-Richards model presented good statistical performance, good distribution of residues, and resulted in consistent polymorphic curves. Polymorphism evaluation indicated differentiated growth patterns of specie among sites. Soil texture (sand content) and topography (elevation) were the main drivers of site productivity, followed by some soil chemical variables (K+, Mn2+ and pHKCl). These results can support planning of activities related to installation and management of B. excelsa stands in the Amazon, besides identifying potential areas of expansion of plantations of this species.
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Acknowledgements
This study was partially financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. We are grateful to the Thematic Laboratory of Soils and Plants (INPA/LTSP) for assistance in soil analyses and to the Laboratory of Dendrochronology (INPA/Max-Planck) for supporting the stem analysis of B. excelsa discs. We thank the Agropecuária Aruanã, LLC for allowing this study to be carried out on their property and also support in logistics. We thank all colleagues of the Silviculture Laboratory (FCA/UFAM) for their decisive assistance in this project. We also thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM, Resolução N° 002/2016, POSGRAD 2017, PROCESS N° 062.01404/2018).
Funding
This study was partially financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM, Resolução N° 002/2016, POSGRAD 2017, PROCESS N° 062.01404/2018). M.J. Ferreira acknowledges the research productivity Grant—PQ provided by CNPq, Process number 309870/2020-8.
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AS de S: Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing—original draft, Visualization, Project administration. JS: Writing—review and editing, Resources. RMB de L: Writing—review and editing. JBSF: Writing—review and editing, Resources. MJF: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—review and editing, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Resources.
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de Souza, A.S., Schöngart, J., de Lima, R.M.B. et al. Understanding the effects of topoedaphic characteristics on site quality in a Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. plantation in Amazonas. New Forests 54, 439–465 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-022-09930-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-022-09930-0