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Functional traits and growth rate response to stand variables: differences between saplings and seedlings of native trees established in loblolly pine plantations in the Atlantic Forest

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Abstract

The establishment of native trees in exotic forest plantations can improve economic and ecological outcomes, and functional traits can help understanding differential responses of growth rates to stand variables. It is well known that growth rates can depend on functional traits and that the associations between functional traits and plant growth vary across ontogenetic stages. Here we studied if the response of growth rate to stand variables, that reflect ecological conditions, is associated with wood density, seed mass and height at maturity and if such relationships differ between saplings and seedlings. We measured the stem diameter increment over two years in 164 seedlings and 290 saplings of 30 tree species in 9 loblolly pine plantations in the Atlantic Forest, Argentina. The relationship between stem diameter increment and stand basal area, mean canopy openness and stand age was evaluated. The growth rate of saplings decreased with basal area and increased with canopy openness in species with wood density < 0.56 g.cm-3 or height at maturity > 23 m. No differences in growth rate response were found along seed mass. No consistent relationships between growth rate and stand variables were found in seedlings. We concluded that seedling growth rate is unrelated to stand variables while responsive species at sapling stage are those with low wood density or medium-high height at maturity. Silvicultural treatments reducing basal area can benefit the planted trees as well as unplanted saplings of medium-high valued native trees.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by UCAR, National Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (Argentina), the National University of La Plata (Argentina), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Argentina), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Argentina) and the National University of Misiones (Argentina). We thank all the people who helped in field measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Eldorado, Misiones, Argentina

    Luis J. Ritter

  2. Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Micaela Medina, Juan F. Goya & Marcelo F. Arturi

  3. Facultad de Ingeniería, Centro de Estudios Ambientales Integrados, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Argentina

    Paula I. Campanello

  4. Estación Experimental INTA Montecarlo, Montecarlo, Misiones, Argentina

    Martín A. Pinazo

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  1. Luis J. Ritter
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  2. Micaela Medina
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  4. Paula I. Campanello
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Correspondence to Marcelo F. Arturi.

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Ritter, L.J., Medina, M., Goya, J.F. et al. Functional traits and growth rate response to stand variables: differences between saplings and seedlings of native trees established in loblolly pine plantations in the Atlantic Forest. New Forests 54, 311–324 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-022-09923-z

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