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The Role of Autoantibodies to the Extracellular Regions of Ionotropic Receptors in the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases

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Studies over recent years have shown that autoantibodies to the extracellular regions of ionotropic receptors, such as glutamate AMPA and NMDA receptors, GABAA receptors, and glycine and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, evoke a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune limbic encephalitis, Rasmussen’s encephalitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, encephalomyelitis, and stiff person syndrome. This review analyzes and systematizes published data on autoimmune processes leading to the production of autoantibodies to ionotropic receptors, on the epitopes involved in inducing pathogenic autoantibodies, and the influences of these antibodies on nerve cell function and their role in the development of autoimmune diseases. The possible role of oncological diseases in generating autoantibodies to ionotropic receptors is discussed. The review also addresses recently developed approaches to suppressing the synthesis of pathogenic autoantibodies and neutralizing them, which have the potential for use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases induced by antibodies to ionotropic receptors.

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  1. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

    O. A. Zharova & A. O. Shpakov

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Correspondence to A. O. Shpakov.

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Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 102, No. 7, pp. 773–791, July, 2016.

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Zharova, O.A., Shpakov, A.O. The Role of Autoantibodies to the Extracellular Regions of Ionotropic Receptors in the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Neurosci Behav Physi 48, 1–10 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-017-0523-y

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