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Molecular Mechanisms of the Selection of Movement Direction by Mesenchymal Cells

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Cell migration is an important and fundamental process. It underlies embryonic development, immune responses, and the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. Impairments to migration are linked with many important diseases, such as tumor metastasis. The direction of migration can be regulated both by extracellular and intracellular factors. In the case of chemical extracellular factors, the directional migration of cells is called chemotaxis. This review presents a current model of the mechanisms selecting the direction of movement of mesenchymal cells, and analogies and comparisons are made with the mechanisms of chemotaxis in well studied ameboid cells.

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Abbreviations

GDP:

guanosine diphosphate

GTP:

guanosine triphosphate

MAPK:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

NADPH:

reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

cAMP:

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

cGMP:

cyclic guanosine monophosphate

Akt/PKB:

protein kinase B also known as Akt

DAG:

diacylglyceride

ERK1/2:

extracellular signal-regulated kinase)

fMLP:

N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine

GPCR:

G-protein coupled receptors

Grb2:

growth factor receptor-bound protein 2

IP3 :

inositol triphosphate

LEFI:

the “local excitation global inhibition” model

mTORC2:

mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2

PDGF:

platelet-derived growth factor

PI3 kinase:

phosphatidylinositol-3′-kinase

PI-3,4-P2 :

phosphatidylinositol-(3,4)-biphosphate

PI-4,5-P2 :

phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-biphosphate

PIP3 :

phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate

PLA2:

phospholipase A2

PTB domain:

phosphotyrosine-binding domain

PTEN:

phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10

RTK:

tyrosine kinase receptor

Ras:

a small GTPase

SH2 domain:

Src homology domain)

SHIP:

Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing phosphatase

Sos:

guanine nucleotide exchange factor for small Ras (contraction of Son of Sevenless)

Src:

tyrosine kinase (name derived from “sarcoma”).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 5, 31 Lomonosov Prospekt, 119192, Moscow, Russia

    P. A. Tyurin-Kuz’min, A. V. Vorotnikov & V. A. Tkachuk

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  1. P. A. Tyurin-Kuz’min
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  2. A. V. Vorotnikov
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  3. V. A. Tkachuk
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Correspondence to P. A. Tyurin-Kuz’min.

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Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova Vol. 99, No. 3, pp. 294–312, March, 2013.

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Tyurin-Kuz’min, P.A., Vorotnikov, A.V. & Tkachuk, V.A. Molecular Mechanisms of the Selection of Movement Direction by Mesenchymal Cells. Neurosci Behav Physi 45, 104–115 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-014-0046-8

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