Abstract
This paper includes 10 summaries for energy resource commodities including coal and unconventional resources, and an analysis of energy economics and technology prepared by committees of the Energy Minerals Division of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Unconventional energy resources, as used in this report, are those energy resources that do not occur in discrete oil or gas reservoirs held in structural or stratigraphic traps in sedimentary basins. Such resources include coalbed methane, oil shale, U and Th deposits and associated rare earth elements of industrial interest, geothermal, gas shale and liquids, tight gas sands, gas hydrates, and bitumen and heavy oil. Current U.S. and global research and development activities are summarized for each unconventional energy resource commodity in the topical sections of this report, followed by analysis of unconventional energy economics and technology.
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U.S. Geological Survey, 956 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA.
Jackson School of Geosciences, Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713-8924, USA; Chair, EMD Coal Committee.
Oklahoma Geological Survey, Norman, OK 73019-0628 USA; Chair, EMD Coalbed Methane Committee.
Baker Hughes, Dhahran Global Technology Center, Saudi Arabia.
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3031 USA.
Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84114-6100 USA.
Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2220.
I2M Associates, LLC, Houston, TX and Seattle, WA; Chair, EMD Uranium (and Nuclear and Rare Earth Minerals) Committee.
UFA Ventures, Inc., Richland, WA; Member, Advisory Group, EMD Uranium (and Nuclear and Rare Earth Minerals) Committee.
Colorado Geological Survey, Colorado School of Mines, 1801 19th Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA: Chair, EMD Geothermal Energy Committee.
Hess Corporation, 1501 McKinney Street, Houston, TX 77010 USA; Chair, EMD Gas Shale and Liquids Committee .
Alberta Energy Regulator, Alberta Geological Survey, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada; Chair, EMD Gas (Tight) Sands Committee.
Alberta Energy Regulator, Alberta Geological Survey, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada.
Hydrate Energy International, Kenner, LA 70065, USA; Chair, EMD Gas Hydrates Committee.
GeoX Consulting Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Chair, EMD Bitumen and Heavy Oil Committee.
Alberta Energy Regulator, Calgary.
Tal Oil Ltd., Calgary.
Co-Chair, EMD Energy Economics and Technology Committee; Consultant, Energy Research Management and Analysis, Palo Alto, CA.
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Acknowledgment
Technical reviews by Frank Walles (Baker Hughes) and Andrew Beaton (Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board) improved this manuscript. Author Jeremy Platt extends thanks to Dr. Anne Smith, Senior Vice President, NERA Economic Consulting for bringing ozone issues and supporting materials to his attention and to Dieter Bieke, international energy consultant, Houston, and co-chair of EMD’s Energy Economics and Technology Committee for encouragement and editorial support. Author Alan Burnham thanks Total S.A. for financial support.
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American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Energy Minerals Division. Unconventional Energy Resources: 2015 Review. Nat Resour Res 24, 443–508 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-015-9288-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-015-9288-6