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Colorimetric and fluorescent sensors based on nanomaterials for the detection of dipicolinic acid: a comprehensive review

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Abstract

Bacillus anthracis, a formidable Gram-positive bacterium, stands as one of the most notorious and enigmatic pathogens known to mankind. Its distinct characteristics have captured the attention of scientists and the collective human imagination for centuries. This bacterium is responsible for causing Anthrax, one of the world's most feared infectious diseases. Substantial endeavors have been undertaken since the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States to develop effective methods for anthrax spore detection. These initiatives aim to swiftly and accurately identify the presence of anthrax spores to prevent the spread of the disease. The detection of Bacillus anthracis spores plays a critical role in maintaining biosecurity and preventing disease outbreaks. These spores contain a unique component called dipicolinic acid (DPA), which accounts for approximately 5–15% of the spore's dry mass. DPA is exclusively found in bacterial spores and serves as an ideal biomarker for the detection of Bacillus anthracis spores. Therefore, accurate detection of DPA plays a crucial role in understanding spore formation and bacterial identification. This review article summarized various types of nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, carbon dots, quantum dots, metal–organic frameworks and other materials, that have been used for colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of DPA. Furthermore, this review article also provides information about the sensing mechanism, detection limit, selectivity, pH and practical applications of the sensors reported in the literature. We hope that this article will inspire interest in the promising research area of nanomaterials-based sensors for the recognition of DPA.

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Acknowledgements

The author extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number ISP22-20

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

    Fahad Y. Sabei

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Sabei, F.Y. Colorimetric and fluorescent sensors based on nanomaterials for the detection of dipicolinic acid: a comprehensive review. J Nanopart Res 25, 250 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-023-05881-5

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