Abstract
The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) has gained increasing attention in the scientific community with experimental success recorded in medical science through magnetic hyperthermia in cancer treatment and targeted drug delivery. Determining how the nanoparticles and their capping agents react with their surroundings is imperative to optimizing treatments as well as researching new applications for inductively heated nanoparticles. Suspensions of iron oxide nanoparticles capped with TX-100 were prepared in both deionized (DI) water and saline solutions to create a comparison study. The samples were heated via induction, followed by TEM characterization and diffraction pattern analysis for the particles removed after exposure to the high-frequency oscillating magnetic fields. Additional characterization was performed with dynamic light scattering (DLS), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), for determining subsequent changes in their colloidal properties, magnetic interaction, and composition. The introduction of a saline environment promoted clustering, of which its appearance was unique from the DI suspension. This clustering accompanied an increased specific absorption rate for the suspension; moreover, smaller nanoparticles were also observed around the exterior of the clusters. The change in the agglomeration of the nanoparticles within the saline suspensions, and knowledge of previous research into the behavior of TX-100 in the presence of electrolytes, suggests that the addition of sodium chloride salt brought about a chemical change within the samples. MFM measurements show that the particle clusters within the saline suspensions possess higher magnetic attractive forces, and when coupled with the calorimetric measurements gathered, it can be concluded that this positively affected the nanoparticles’ heat output. Such implications and conclusions found will prove useful in optimizing nanoparticle heating for applications such as magnetic hyperthermia.
ᅟ
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
“Theory of Heating by Induction.” Practical Induction Heat Training. Ed. International, ASM 2001. 5–10. Print.
Brown WF (1963) Thermal Fluctuations of a Single-Domain Particle. Phys Rev 130(5):1677. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.130.1677
Charlton ID, Doherty AP (2000) Electrolyte-Induced Structural Evolution of Triton X-100 Micelles. J Phys Chem B 104(34):8327–8332. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp994424v
Dahake G (2014) Nanoparticle Heating Using Induction in Hyperthermia. ASM Int. Vol. 4C. Print.
Davidson AM (2012) Magnetic Induction Heating of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Applications in the Energy Industry. Thesis, University of Texas at Austin.
Dennis CL et al (2008) The Influence of Magnetic and Physiological Behaviour on the Effectiveness of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia. J Phys D-App Phys 41(13):5. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/41/13/134020
Dennis CL et al (2009) Nearly Complete Regression of Tumors Via Collective Behavior of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Hyperthermia. Nanotechnology 20(39):7. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/39/395103
Dennis CL et al (2015) Internal Magnetic Structure of Nanoparticles Dominates Time-Dependent Relaxation Processes in a Magnetic Field. Adv Funct Mater 25(27):4300–4311. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201500405
Ghosh R et al (2011) Induction Heating Studies of Fe3o4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Capped with Oleic Acid and Polyethylene Glycol for Hyperthermia. J Mater Chem 21(35):13388–13,398. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm10092k
Giustini AJ, Ivkov R, Hoopes PJ (2011) Magnetic Nanoparticle Biodistribution Following Intratumoral Administration. Nanotechnology 22(34):5. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/34/345101
Gubin SP (2009) Magnetic Nanoparticles. Wiley-VCH
Hedayatnasab Z, Abnisa F, Wmaw D (2017) Review on Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Nanofluid Hyperthermia Application. Mater Des 123:174–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.036
Hergt R et al (2006) Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia: Nanoparticle Magnetism and Materials Development for Cancer Therapy. J Phys-Condens Matter 18(38):S2919–S2934. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/18/38/s26
Jose BJ, Bales BL, Peric M (2009) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of the Surface Hydration of Triton X-100 Micelles in Water with Added Monovalent Alkali Salts. J Phys Chem B 113(40):13257–13,262. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9055544
Kolhatkar AG et al (2013) Tuning the Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 14(8):15977–16,009. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140815977
Lafuente B et al (2015) The Power of Databases: The Rruff Project. Highlights Mineral Crystallogr.:1–30
Lucia O et al (2014) Induction Heating Technology and Its Applications: Past Developments, Current Technology, and Future Challenges. Ieee Trans Ind Electron 61(5):2509–2520. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2013.2281162
Mandal M et al (2005) Magnetite Nanoparticles with Tunable Gold or Silver Shell. J Colloid Interface Sci 286(1):187–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.01.013
Miranda MAR, Sasaki JM (2018) The Limit of Application of the Scherrer Equation. Acta Crystallogr Foundation and Adv 74:54–65. https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053273317014929
Molina-Bolivar JA, Aguiar J, Ruiz CC (2002) Growth and Hydration of Triton X-100 Micelles in Monovalent Alkali Salts: A Light Scattering Study. J Phys Chem B 106(4):870–877. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0119936
Pearce J et al (2014) Magnetic Heating of Nanoparticles: The Importance of Particle Clustering to Achieve Therapeutic Temperatures. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 4. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4024904
Phillies GDJ, Yambert JE (1996) Solvent and Solute Effects on Hydration and Aggregation Numbers of Triton X-100 Micelles. Langmuir 12(14):3431–3436. https://doi.org/10.1021/la951088a
Pineiro-Redondo Y et al (2011) The Influence of Colloidal Parameters on the Specific Power Absorption of Paa-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 6:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-6-383
Rosensweig RE (2002) Heating Magnetic Fluid with Alternating Magnetic Field. J Magn Magn Mater 252(1–3):370–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(02)00706-0
Rovers SA (2009) Characterization and Magnetic Heating of Commercial Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem 5. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp903333r
Urtizberea A et al (2010) Specific Absorption Rates and Magnetic Properties of Ferrofluids with Interaction Effects at Low Concentrations. J Phys Chem C 114(11):4916–4922. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp912076f
Wagner CD (2012) Nist X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database.
Zakariapour M, Hamedi MH, Fatouraee NA (2017) Numerical Study of Magnetic Nanoparticles Hyperthermia with Alternating Magnetic Field under Influence of Convection Heat Transfer. J Eng Sci Tech 12(2):405–422
Zhang Y (2011) Magnetic Induction Heating of Nano-Sized Ferrite Particles, Advances in Induction and Microwave Heating of Mineral and Organic Materials. Ed. Zhai, Ya: InTech,. 483–500.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr. Subrata Kundu of the Central Electrochemical Research Institute in Karaikudi, India, who donated all iron oxide nanoparticles used during this research. Another huge thanks goes to the faculty at the Arkansas Nano & Bio Materials Characterization Facility, specifically Dr. Mourad Benamara and Dr. Betty Martin, for assisting our team in gathering TEM, SAED, and XPS data. All data gathered from the XRD spectrometer was under the supervision of Dr. Jingyi Chen in the Chemistry Department at the University of Arkansas to whom we would also like to extend our thanks.
All DLS measurements were gathered with the assistance of Dr. Radwan Al Faouri and Jess Ray, and we would like to extend our thanks for your help. Thanks goes to Park AFM for assisting the group with taking magnetic and topographical AFM measurements. Ambrell Induction Heating Solutions performed all induction heating processes and data collection at their facility in Scottsville, NY. Our team is grateful for the assistance of their team in the Applications Lab.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors have approved the final article. Mr. Hayden Carlton and Dr. David Huitink prepared the samples for the array of testing, as well as interpreted and analyzed the TEM, SAED, XPS, and XRD data. Dr. Song Xu and Dr. Mina Hong performed AFM scans on the samples, illustrated the data through topographical plots, and provided detailed analysis. Mr. Ilmar Begishev developed the experimental methodology for heating the nanoparticle samples via induction.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
Glossary
- DLS
-
Dynamic light scattering
- AFM
-
Atomic force microscopy
- eV
-
Electron volt
- FEM
-
Finite element method
- MFM
-
Magnetic force microscopy
- MRI
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- SAED
-
Selected area electron diffraction
- SAR
-
Specific absorption rate
- SPION
-
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle
- TEM
-
Transmission electron microscope
- XPS
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- XRD
-
X-ray diffraction
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Carlton, H., Xu, S., Hong, M. et al. TX-100 capped iron oxide nanoparticle transformation and implications for induction heating and hyperthermia treatment. J Nanopart Res 20, 225 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-018-4326-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-018-4326-z