Abstract
The present work illustrates the effect of surface modification of silica nanoparticles (500 nm) with 3-(glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane which was carried out at different reaction times. The suspensions prepared from modified and unmodified silica nanoparticles were evaluated for their shear rate-dependent viscosity and strain-frequency-dependent modulus. The linear viscoelastic moduli, viz., storage modulus and loss modulus, were compared with those of nonlinear moduli. The shear-thickened suspensions displayed strain thinning at low-frequency smaller strains and a strong strain overshoot at higher strains, characteristics of a continuous shear thickening fluids. The shear-thinned suspension, conversely, exhibited a strong elastic dominance at smaller strains, but at higher strains, its strain softened observed in the steady shear viscosity plot indicating characteristics of yielding material. Considering higher order harmonic components, the decomposed elastic and viscous stress revealed a pronounced elastic response up to 10% strain and a high viscous damping at larger strains. The current work is one of a kind in demonstrating the effect of silica surface functionalization on the linear and nonlinear viscoelasticity of suspensions showing a unique rheological fingerprint. The suspensions can thus be predicted through rheological studies for their applicability in energy absorbing and damping materials with respect to their mechanical properties.
Microstructural changes in the suspenions corresponding to their flow behaviour.
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The authors are grateful to Defense Research and Development Organization, Govt. of India, for their financial support.
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Highlights
• Surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles enhanced interparticle interactions resulting in 3D gel network structures producing a stable suspension.
• Greater amount of interactions led to shear thinning with high yield stress.
• Frequency sweeps related to steady-state rheology curves as well as stability for all suspensions.
• LAOS indicated both elastic and viscous contributions at different frequencies and strain amplitudes.
• Through higher order harmonic components, pronounced elastic response was observed for the suspension with greater interparticle interactions.
• Further, maximum viscous energy dissipation was indicative of coexistences of rigid and damping material.
Appendix
Appendix
SEM images of unmodified and modified silica particles are presented in Fig. 11. The EDX spectra showing the elemental compositions for unmodified and modified silica nanoparticles are illustrated in Fig. 12. Figure 13 presents the calculation of damping constant and damping exponent for each suspensions at different frequencies.
SEM images of silica particles at 5000X magnification. a Si. b Si-12G. c Si-24G
EDX spectra for modified and unmodified silica. a Si. b Si-12G. c Si-24G
Energy dissipation per cycle per unit volume as a function of strain amplitude at frequencies a 1 rad/s, b 10 rad/s, and c 30 rad/s. The symbols indicate Si-PEG (circles), Si-12G-PEG (triangles), and Si-24G-PEG (squares). The slope of the line presents damping constant, J, and damping exponent, n, for the suspensions
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Swarna, Pattanayek, S.K. & Ghosh, A.K. Dynamic shear rheology of colloidal suspensions of surface-modified silica nanoparticles in PEG. J Nanopart Res 20, 53 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-4121-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-4121-2