Abstract
This paper proposes a new algorithm of blind color image watermarking based on LU decomposition. Because of the first column the second row element and the first column the third row element of the lower triangular matrix, which obtained by LU decomposition, have higher similarity, and the color image watermark can be embedded into these elements by slightly modifying rules, which can enhance the watermark invisibility. In addition, Arnold transform is applied to improve the watermark security and the Hash pseudo-random number algorithm based on MD5 is used to improve the watermark robustness. In extraction process, the watermark embedding strength and private key are needed to extract watermark information from the attacked host image with blind manner. Experiment results reveal that the proposed method outperforms other related methods in the aspects of the invisibility, robustness, embedding payload and computational complexity.
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Acknowledgements
The research was partially supported by NNSF from China (61602229, U1405254, 61572258), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2014FM005, ZR2016FM13, ZR2016FM21), Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J14LN20), Doctoral Foundation of Ludong University (LY2014034), Shandong Province Science and Technology Plan Projects (2015GSF116001), Key Science and Technology Plan Projects of Yantai City (2016ZH057), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higer Education Institutions (PAPD), and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET). The authors would like to thank anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions which lead to substantial improvements of this paper.
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Su, Q., Wang, G., Zhang, X. et al. A new algorithm of blind color image watermarking based on LU decomposition. Multidim Syst Sign Process 29, 1055–1074 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-017-0487-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-017-0487-7