Abstract
Video security has emerged as an essential study inultimedia security in recent years because videos are the most effective and widely used multimedia format and immediately establish a connection with users. It is necessary to prevent sensitive information from being stolen or destroyed in various domains, including the military, finance, and education. The proposed STKVS framework ensures the summarized video’s security in secret keyframes (SK) rather than securing the whole video to reduce the computation, complexity, and processing needs and recover lossless SK. STKVS framework consists of a secure keyframes-based generic Video Summarization (VS) model to generate a secure video summary. It extracts SK from the video using the proposed Probability-Based VS (PBVS). Then, it utilizes the proposed BEMSS (Blockwise Encryption-based Multi Secret Sharing) scheme to provide multi-secret image sharing to the SK. The proposed model PBVS achieved an average F-score of 0.73 and 0.76 on two benchmark (OV and YT) datasets, respectively, showing its effectiveness in producing informative video summaries. Additionally, BEMSS outperforms the other related security models.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of supporting data
NA
References
Sajitha AS, Shobha Rekh A (2022) Review on various image encryption schemes. Mater Today Proc 58:529–534
Saini P, Kumar K, Kashid S et al (2023) Video summarization using deep learning techniques: a detailed analysis and investigation. Artif Intell Rev
Kumar K, Shrimankar DD, Singh N (2018) Eratosthenes sieve based keyframe extraction technique for event summarization in videos. Multimed Tools Appl 77(6):7383–7404
Kumar K, Shrimankar DD, Singh N (2016) Equal partition based clustering approach for event summarization in videos. In: 2016 12th International conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS). IEEE, pp 119–126
Negi A, Kumar K, Saini P (2023) Object of interest and unsupervised learning-based framework for an effective video summarization using deep learning. IETE J Res 1–12
Negi A, Kumar K, Chauhan P, Saini P, Kashid S (2022) Resource utilization tracking for fine-tuning based event detection and summarization over cloud. International Conference on Deep Learning. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 73–83
Negi A, Kumar K, Saini P, Kashid S (2022) Object detection based approach for an efficient video summarization with system statistics over cloud. In: 2022 IEEE 9th Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON). IEEE, pp 1–6
Chattopadhyay AK et al (2021) A verifiable multi-secret image sharing scheme using XOR operation and hash function. Multimed Tools Appl 80(28):35051–35080
Shamir A (1979) How to share a secret. Commun ACM 22:612–613
Blakley G (1979) Safeguarding cryptographic keys. In: Proc. AFIPS 1979 Natl. Conf., New York, pp 313–317
Gutub A, Al-Ghamdi M (2020) Hiding shares by multimedia image steganography for optimized counting-based secret sharing. Multimed Tools Appl 79(11):7951–7985
Naor M, Shamir A (1994) Visual cryptography. Workshop on the Theory and Application of of Cryptographic Techniques, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Yan X et al (2020) Reversible image secret sharing. IEEE Trans Infor Forens Sec 15:3848–3858
Shankar K, Elhoseny M, Kumar RS, Lakshmanaprabu SK, Yuan X (2020) Secret image sharing scheme with encrypted shadow images using optimal homomorphic encryption technique. J Amb Intell Hum Comput 11(5):1821–1833
Ye G, Pan C, Dong Y, Jiao K, Huang X (2021) A novel multi-image visually meaningful encryption algorithm based on compressive sensing and Schur decomposition. Trans Emerg Telecom Technol 32(2):e4071
Kannojia SP, Kumar J (2021) XOR-based visual secret sharing scheme using pixel vectorization. Multimed Tools Appl 80(10):14609–14635
Bhowmik A, Karforma S (2022) An approach of secret sharing technique based on convolution neural network and DNA sequence for data security in wireless communication. Wirel Personal Commun 1–32
Naskar PK, Bhattacharyya S, Mahatab KC, Dhal KG, Chaudhuri A (2021) An efficient block-level image encryption scheme based on multi-chaotic maps with DNA encoding. Nonlinear Dynam 105(4):3673–3698
Tiwari V, Bhatnagar C (2021) A survey of recent work on video summarization: approaches and techniques. Multimed Tools Appl 80(1)8:27187-27221
Sharma S, Kumar K (2018) GUESS: genetic uses in video encryption with secret sharing. In: Proceedings of 2nd international conference on computer vision and image processing. Springer, Singapore, pp 51-62
Ajmal M, Ashraf MH, Shakir M, Abbas Y, Shah FA (2012) Video summarization: techniques and classification. International conference on computer vision and graphics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 1–13
Apostolidis E, Adamantidou E, Metsai AI, Mezaris V, Patras I (2021) Video summarization using deep neural networks: a survey. Proc IEEE 109(11):1838–1863
Basavarajaiah M, Sharma P (2021) GVSUM: generic video summarization using deep visual features. Multimed Tools Appl 80:14459–14476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10460-0
Muhammad K, Hussain T, Baik SW (2020) Efficient CNN based summarization of surveillance videos for resource-constrained devices. Pattern Recognit Lett 130:370–375
Nair MS, Mohan J (2021) Static video summarization using multi-CNN with sparse autoencoder and random forest classifier. SIViP 15:735–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-020-01791-4
Zhao H, Wang W-J, Wang T, Chang Z-B, Zeng X-Y (2019) Keyframe extraction based on HSV histogram and adaptive clustering. Math Prob Eng 2019
Mahasseni B, Lam B, Todorovic S (2017) Unsupervised video summarization with adversarial LSTM networks. In: Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. (CVPR), Honolulu, HI, USA, vol. 1. pp 2982–2991
Asim M, Almaadeed N, Al-Máadeed S, Bouridane A, Beghdadi A (2018) A key frame based video summarization using color features. In: 2018 Colour and Visual Computing Symposium (CVCS). IEEE, pp 1–6
Muhammad K, Hussain T, Tanveer M, Sannino G, de Albuquerque VHC (2019) Cost-effective video summarization using deep CNN with hierarchical weighted fusion for IoT surveillance networks. IEEE Internet Things J 7(5):4455–4463
Muhammad K et al (2019) DeepReS: a deep learning- based video summarization strategy for resource- constrained industrial surveillance scenarios. IEEE Trans Indus Inf 16.9:5938–5947
Khurana K, Deshpande U (2023) Two stream multi-layer convolutional network for keyframe-based video summarization. Multimed Tools Appl 1–42
Archana N, Malmurugan N (2020) Multi-edge optimized LSTM RNN for video summarization. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02025-8
Fei M, Jiang W, Mao W (2017) Memorable and rich video summarization. J Vis Commun Image Repr 42:207–217
John Blesswin A, Selva Mary G, Manoj Kumar S (2022) Multiple secret image communication using visual cryptography. Wireless Pers Commun 122(4):3085–3103
Agarwal A, Deshmukh M, Singh M (2020) Object detection framework to generate secret shares. Multimed Tools Appl 79(33):24685–24706
Khan M, Masood F, Alghafis A, Amin M, Batool Naqvi SI (2019) A novel image encryption technique using hybrid method of discrete dynamical chaotic maps and Brownian motion. PLoS ONE 14(12):e0225031
Saini P, Kumar K, Kashid S, Negi A (2022) MEVSS: modulo encryption based visual secret sharing scheme for securing visual content. International conference on deep learning, artificial intelligence and robotics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 24–35
Elkandoz MT, Alexan W (2022) Image encryption based on a combination of multiple chaotic maps. Multimed Tools Appl 1–22
Koppanati RK, Kumar K, Qamar S (2019) E-MOC: an efficient secret sharing model for multimedia on cloud. In: International conference on deep learning, artificial intelligence and robotics. Springer, Cham, pp 246–260
Chen C-C, Wu W-J, Chen J-L (2016) Highly efficient and secure multi-secret image sharing scheme. Multimed Tools Appl 75(12):7113–7128
Deshmukh M, Nain N, Ahmed M (2017) A novel approach for sharing multiple color images by employing Chinese Remainder Theorem. J Vis Commun Image Represent 49:291–302
Bisht K, Deshmukh M (2021) A novel approach for multilevel multi-secret image sharing scheme. J Supercomput 77(10):12157–12191
Bhat K, Kumar U, Reddy KR, Kumar HSR, Mahto D (2021) A novel scheme for lossless authenticated multiple secret images sharing using polynomials and extended visual cryptography. IET Inf Sec 15(1):13–22
Sun Y, Lu Y, Yan X, Liu L, Li L (2021) Robust secret image sharing scheme against noise in shadow images. IEEE Access 9:23284–23300
Yadav M, Singh R (2022) Essential secret image sharing approach with same size of meaningful shares. Multimed Tools Appl 81(16):22677–22694
Simonyan K, Zisserman A (2014) Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv:1409.1556
Deng J, Dong W, Socher R, Li LJ, Li K, Fei-Fei L (2009) Imagenet: a large-scale hierarchical image database. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2009. CVPR 2009. IEEE, pp 248–255
Otani M, Nakashima Y, Rahtu E, Heikkila J (2019) Rethinking the evaluation of video summaries. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. pp 7596–7604
De Avila SEF, Lopes APB, da Luz Jr A, de Albuquerque Araújo A (2011) VSUMM: a mechanism designed to produce static video summaries and a novel evaluation method. Pattern Recognit Lett 32(1):56–68
Mundur P, Rao Y, Yesha Y (2006) Keyframe-based video summarization using delaunay clustering. Int J Digit Libr 6(2):219–232
Furini M, Geraci F, Montangero M, Pellegrini M (2010) STIMO: STIll and MOving video storyboard for the web scenario. Multimed Tools Appl 46(1):47–69
DeMenthon D, Kobla V, Doermann D (1998) Video summarization by curve simplification. In: Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on multimedia. pp 211–218
Jin H, Yu Y, Li Y, Xiao Z (2022) Network video summarization based on key frame extraction via superpixel segmentation. Trans Emerg Telecomm Technol 33(6):e3940
Wang D, Zhang L, Ma N, Li X (2007) Two secret sharing schemes based on Boolean operations. Pattern Recogn 40(10):2776–2785
Feng J-B, Wu H-C, Tsai C-S, Chang Y-F, Chu Y-P (2008) Visual secret sharing for multiple secrets. Pattern Recogn 41(12):3572–3581
Faraoun KM (2017) Design of a new efficient and secure multi-secret images sharing scheme. Multimed Tools Appl 76(5):6247–6261
Kashid S, Kumar K, Saini P, Negi A, Saini A (2022) Approach of a multilevel secret sharing scheme for extracted text data. In: 2022 IEEE Students Conference on Engineering and Systems (SCES). IEEE, pp 1–5
Kashid S, Awasthi LK, Kumar K, Saini P (2023) NS4: a novel security approach for extracted video keyframes using secret sharing scheme. In: 2023 International Conference on Computer, Electronics & Electrical Engineering & their Applications (IC2E3). IEEE, pp 1–6
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the DST GoI for sponsoring this work under DST/ICPS/General/2018.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
None
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Saini, P., Berwal, K., Kashid, S. et al. STKVS: secure technique for keyframes-based video summarization model. Multimed Tools Appl (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-18909-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-18909-2