Skip to main content
Log in

A disease monitoring system using multi-class capsule network for agricultural enhancement in muskmelon

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For any agricultural society, the well-being of the plants is crucial to achieve a greater yield. The health and vigor of plants play a pivotal role in shaping the ultimate outcome of crop production. There are, too many infections affecting the plants generate harm to diverse economies and communities. It can also result in significant environmental losses. To prevent such losses, it is easier to diagnose diseases correctly and promptly at an early stage of plant life. This research mainly focuses on Muskmelon leaf diseases. Muskmelon is a remunerative crop with a short life span of around 65 days. Any disease attack in this duration will affect the crop entirely which in turn leads to yield loss. Hence, there needs an early prediction system for predicting diseases. The primary goal of this research is to develop a prediction model based of Multi Class Capsule Network for early detection of disease and pest in plants. The performance indicators examined for classification of leaf diseases are Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 score and, Loss function. The performance of Multi – Class Capsule Network [MCCN] is compared with existing pre-trained models such as, AlexNet, ResNet, VGG16, VGG19, GoogleNet, and CapsuleNet. Experimental results indicated that the MCCN model performs with an accuracy of 97.30% which is better than the accuracy of other models under considerations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

References

  1. Gupta N, Khosravy M, Patel N, Dey N, Crespo RG (2022) Lightweight computational intelligence for IoT health monitoring of off-road vehicles: enhanced selection log-scaled mutation GA structured ANN. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 18(1):611–619. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2021.3072045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Shaikh TA, Rasool T, Lone FR (2022) Towards leveraging the role of machine learning and artificial intelligence in precision agriculture and smart farming. Comput Electron Agric 198:107119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.107119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Gupta N, Khosravy M, Patel N et al (2020) Economic data analytic AI technique on IoT edge devices for health monitoring of agriculture machines. Appl Intell 50:3990–4016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-020-01744-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kawasaki Y, Uga H, Kagiwada S, Iyatomi H (2015) Basic study of automated diagnosis of viral plant diseases using con-volutional neural networks. Lect Notes Comput Sci 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27863-6_59

  5. Lee SH, Chan CS, Mayo SJ, Remagnino P (2017) How deep learning extracts and learns leaf features for plant classification. Pattern Recogn. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2017.05.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mohanty SP, Hughes DP, Salathe M (2016) Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection. Front Plant Sci 7:Article 1419

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ramcharan A, Baranowski K, McCloskey P, Ahmed B, Legg J, Hughes DP (2018) Deep learning for image-based cassava disease detection. Front Plant Sci 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01852

  8. Shijie J, Peiyi J, Siping H, Haibo sL. Automatic detection of tomato diseases and pests based on leaf images. 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). https://doi.org/10.1109/cac.2017.8243388

  9. Lu J, Hu J, Zhao G, Mei F, Zhang C (2017) An in-field automatic wheat disease diagnosis system. Comput Electron Agric. 142:369–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.09.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Nachtigall LG, Araujo RM, Nachtigall GR (2016) Classification of Apple Tree Disorders Using Convolutional Neural Networks. 2016 IEEE 28th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). https://doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2016.0078

  11. Sladojevic S, Arsenovic M, Anderla A, Culibrk D, Stefanovic D (2016) Deep neural networks based recognition of plant diseases by leaf image classification. Comput Intell Neurosci 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3289801

  12. Fuentes A, Yoon S, Kim S, Park D (2017) A robust deep-learning-based detector for real-time tomato plant diseases and pests recognition. Sensors 17(9):20–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17092022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Amara J, Bouaziz B, Algergawy A (2017) A deep learning-based approach for banana leaf diseases classification, in Proc. Datenbanksys. Für Bus., Technol. Web (BTW), Workshopband, CA, USA, pp. 1–24

  14. Brahimi M, Boukhalfa K, Moussaoui A (2017) Deep Learning for Tomato Diseases: Classification and Symptoms Visu-alization. Appl Artif Intell 31(4):299–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2017.1315516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. DeChant C, Wiesner-Hanks T, Chen S, Stewart EL, Yosinski J, Gore MA, Nelson RJ, Lipson H (2017) Automated identifi-cation of northern leaf blight-infected maize plants from field imagery using deep learning. Phytopathology 107(11):1426–1432

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Cruz A, Luvisi A, Bellis LD, Ampatzidis Y (2017) X-FIDO: An effective application for detecting olive quick decline syndrome with deep learning and data fusion. Front Plant Sci 8:1741

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Oppenheim D, Shani G (2017) Potato disease classification using convolution neural networks. Adv Anim Biosci 8(02):244–249. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017001376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Cheng X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wu Y, Yue Y (2017) Pest identification via deep residual learning in complex background. Comput Electron Agric 141:351–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.08.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ferentinos KP (2018) Deep learning models for plant disease detection and diagnosis. Comput Electron Agric 145:311–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.01.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wallelign S, Polceanu M, Buche C (2018) Soybean Plant Disease Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network, International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-31), Melbourne, United States, pp. 146-151

  21. Zhang X, Qiao Y, Meng F, Fan C, Zhang M (2018) Identification of maize leaf diseases using improved deep convolutional neural networks. IEEE Access 6:30370–30377. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2844405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu B, Zhang Y, He D, Li Y (2018) Identification of Apple Leaf Diseases Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. Symmetry 10(1):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10010011

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Fuentes AF, Yoon S, Lee J, Park DS (2018) High-performance deep neural network-based tomato plant diseases and pests diagnosis system with refinement filter bank. Front Plant Sci 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01162

  24. Singh UP, Chouhan SS, Jain S, Jain S (2018) Multilayer convolution neural network for the classification of mango leaves infected by anthracnose disease. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2907383

  25. Ma J, Du K, Zheng F, Zhang L, Gong Z, Sun Z (2018) A recognition method for cucumber diseases using leaf symptom images based on deep convolutional neural network. Comput Electron Agric 154:18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.08.048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Pan W, Qin J, Xiang X, Wu Y, Tan Y, Xiang L (2019) A smart mobile diagnosis system for citrus diseases based on densely connected convolutional networks. IEEE Access 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2924973

  27. Zhou G, Zhang W, Chen A, He M (2019) Rapid detection of rice disease based on FCM-KM and faster R-CNN fusion. IEEE Access 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2943454

  28. Sardogan M, Tuncer A, Ozen Y (2018) Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Based on CNN with LVQ Algo-rithm. 2018 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK). 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ubmk.2018.8566635

  29. Ozguven MM, Adem K (2019) Automatic detection and classification of leaf spot disease in sugar beet using deep learning algorithms. Phys A Stat Mech Appl. 122537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.122537

  30. Selvaraj MG, Vergara A, Ruiz H, Safari N, Elayabalan S, Ocimati W, Blomme G (2019) AI-powered banana diseases and pest detection. Plant Methods 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-019-0475-z

  31. Wang X, Wang Z, Zhang S (2019) Segmenting crop disease leaf image by modified fully-convolutional networks. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 646–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26763-6_62

  32. Guo XQ, Fan TJ, Shu X (2019) Tomato leaf diseases recognition based on improved multi-scale AlexNet. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng 35(13):162–169

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kamal KC, Yin Z, Wu M, Wu Z (2019) Depthwise separable convolution architectures for plant disease classification. Comput Electron Agric 165:104948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.104948

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Wang D, Vinson R, Holmes M, Seibel G, Bechar A, Nof S, Tao Y (2019) Early detection of tomato spotted wilt virus by hyperspectral imaging and Outlier Removal Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Nets (OR-AC-GAN). Sci Rep 9(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40066-y

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Nie X, Wang L, Ding H, Xu M (2019) Strawberry Verticillium Wilt Detection Network Based on Multi-Task Learning and Attention. IEEE Access 7:170003–170011. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2954845

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Xie X, Ma Y, Liu B, He J, Li S, Wang H (2020) A deep-learning-based real-time detector for grape leaf diseases using improved convolutional neural networks. Front Plant Sci 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00751

  37. Sun J, Yang Y, He X, Wu X (2020) Northern maize leaf blight detection under complex field environment based on deep learning. IEEE Access 8:33679–33688. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973658

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Senan N, Aamir M, Ibrahim R, Taujuddin NM, Muda WW (2020) An efficient convolutional neural network for paddy leaf disease and pest classification. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 11(7)

  39. Hu W-J, Fan J, Du Y-X, Li B-S, Xiong NN, Bekkering E (2020) MDFC–ResNet: An agricultural iot system to accurately recognize crop diseases. IEEE Access 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3001237

  40. Khattak A et al (2021) Automatic detection of citrus fruit and leaves diseases using deep neural network model. IEEE Access 9:112942–112954. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3096895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhao S, Peng Y, Liu J, Wu S (2021) Tomato leaf disease diagnosis based on improved convolution neural network by attention module. Agriculture 11:651. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Bansal P, Kumar R, Kumar S (2021) Disease detection in apple leaves using deep convolutional neural network. Agriculture 11:617. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Chen S, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Ban W, Chen Y, Zhuang H, Zhang X, Liu J, Yang T (2021) An approach for rice bacterial leaf streak disease segmentation and disease severity estimation. Agriculture 11:420. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Zhang N, Wu H, Zhu H, Deng Y, Han X (2014) Tomato disease classification and identification method based on multimodal fusion deep learning. Agriculture 2022:12. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Novtahaning D, Shah HA, Kang J-M (2022) Deep learning ensemble-based automated and high-performing recognition of coffee leaf disease. Agriculture 12:1909. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111909

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Fraiwan M, Faouri E, Khasawneh N (2022) Multiclass classification of grape diseases using deep artificial intelligence. Agriculture 12:1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Liu Y, Gao G, Zhang Z (2022) Crop disease recognition based on modified light-weight CNN with attention mechanism. IEEE Access 10:112066–112075. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3216285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Paoletti ME, Haut JM, Fernandez-Beltran R, Plaza J, Plaza A, Li J, Pla F (2018) Capsule networks for hyperspectral image classification. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sensing 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2018.2871782

  49. Suárez-Paniagua V, Segura-Bedmar I (2018) Evaluation of pooling operations in convolutional architectures for drug-drug interaction extraction. BMC Bioinforma 19(S8). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-018-2195-1

  50. Xiang C, Zhang L, Zou W, Tang Y, Xu C (2018) MS-CapsNet: A novel multi-scale capsule network. IEEE Signal Process Lett 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2018.2873892

  51. Baydilli YY, Atila U (2020) Classification of white blood cells using capsule networks. Comput Med Imaging Graph 101699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2020.101699

  52. Sabour S, Frosst N, Hinton GE (2017) Dynamic Routing Between Capsules. Appl Biosaf 22(4):185–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535676017742133

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

No funds were received.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kadiyala Ramana.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Deeba, K., Balakrishnan, A., Kumar, M. et al. A disease monitoring system using multi-class capsule network for agricultural enhancement in muskmelon. Multimed Tools Appl (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-18717-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-18717-8

Keywords

Navigation