Skip to main content
Log in

Histogram algorithm and its circuit design based on parallel computing for quantum video

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Quantum image histogram as a preprocessing result in quantum image processing contains the gray information of the image and plays an important role in subsequent image processing. As far as we know, there are only a few results on quantum image histogram, and studies on quantum video histogram have not been conducted. So a novel histogram statistic algorithm for quantum video in terms of the idea of parallel computing is proposed in the paper. To this end, the quantum version of carry-lookahead full-adder is first devised, and based on the novel full-adder, an entirely new hierarchical quantum adder for superposition states is also devised, which not only improves the delays generated by mutual carries of classical adder, but also reduces the complexity of classical adder from \(\mathbf {O(2^{m}\times n)}\) to \(\mathbf {O(m^{2})}\). Subsequently, in order to realize the parallel statistics of quantum video, the algorithm and circuit implementation of image stitching are also given. Finally, combining the results of image stitching and Grover’s search algorithm, the quantum video histogram statistics is ultimately realized in parallel.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Algorithm 1
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Algorithm 2
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

References

  1. DiVincenzo DP (1995) Quantum computation. Sci 270(5234):255–261

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Castleman KR (1996) Digital image processing. Prentice Hall Press, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gonzales RC, Wintz P (1987) Digital image processing. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  4. Venegas-Andraca SE, Bose S (2003) Storing, processing and retrieving an image using quantum mechanics. Proc SPIE - The Int Socr Opt Eng 137–147

  5. Latorre JI (2005) Image compression and entanglement. arXiv:quant-ph/0510031

  6. Le PQ, Dong F, Hirota K (2011) A flexible representation of quantum images for polynomial preparation, image compression, and processing operations. Quantum Inf Process 10:63–84

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang Y, Lu K, Gao Y, Wang M (2013) NEQR: a novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images. Quantum Inf Process 12:2833–2860

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Iliyasu AM, Le PQ, Dong F, Hirota K (2011) A framework for representing and producing movies on quantum computers. Int J Quantum Inf 9(06):1459–1497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Yan F, Iliyasu AM, Le PQ, Sun B, Dong F, Hirota K (2013) A parallel comparison of multiple pairs of images on quantum computers. Int J Innov Comput Appl 5(4):199–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Yan F, Iliyasu AM, Yang H, Hirota K (2016) Strategy for quantum image stabilization. Sci China Inf Sci 59:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Pizer SM, Amburn EP, Austin JD, Cromartie R, Geselowitz A, Greer T, Haar Romeny B, Zimmerman JB, Zuiderveld K (1987) Adaptive histogram equalization and its variations. Comput Vision, Graph, Image Process 39(3):355–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Caraiman S, Manta VI (2015) Image segmentation on a quantum computer. Quantum Inf Process 14:1693–1715

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Caraiman S, Manta VI (2014) Histogram-based segmentation of quantum images. Theor Comput Sci 529:46–60

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Jiang N, Ji Z, Wang J, Lu X, Zhou R (2020) Quantum image histogram statistics. Int J Theor Phys 59:3533–3548

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Schoeffmann K, Del Fabro M, Szkaliczki T, Böszörmenyi L, Keckstein J (2015) Keyframe extraction in endoscopic video. Multimed Tools Appl 74:11187–11206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Yan G, Woźniak M (2022) Accurate key frame extraction algorithm of video action for aerobics online teaching. Mobil Netw Appl 27(3):1252–1261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kumar M, Aggarwal J, Rani A, Stephan T, Shankar A, Mirjalili S (2022) Secure video communication using firefly optimization and visual cryptography. Artif Intell Rev 1–21

  18. Singh R, Mittal H, Pal R (2022) Optimal keyframe selection-based lossless video-watermarking technique using IGSA in LWT domain for copyright protection. Complex & Intell Syst 8(2):1047–1070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Nielsen MA, Chuang IL (2010) Quantum Computation and qantum information, 10th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  20. Draper TG (2000) Addition on a quantum computer. arXiv:quant-ph/0008033

  21. Ruiz-Perez L, Garcia-Escartin JC (2017) Quantum arithmetic with the quantum Fourier transform. Quantum Inf Process 16:1–14

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Maynard CM, Pius E (2014) A quantum multiply-accumulator. Quantum Inf Process 13(5):1127–1138

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lu X, Jiang N, Hu H, Ji Z (2018) Quantum adder for superposition states. Inter J Theor Phys 57:2575–2584

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Manzoul MA (2000) Parallel CLA Algorithm for Fast Addition. In: Proceedings international conference on parallel computing in electrical engineering. PARELEC 2000, IEEE, pp 55–58

  25. Pathak A (2013) Elements of Quantum Computation and Quantum Communication. Taylor & Francis, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Wang D, Liu Z, Zhu W, Li S (2012) Design of quantum comparator based on extended general Toffoli gates with multiple targets. Comput Sci 39(9):302–306

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dayong Lu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest for this manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, Q., Lu, D., Hu, Y. et al. Histogram algorithm and its circuit design based on parallel computing for quantum video. Multimed Tools Appl (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-18601-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-18601-5

Keywords

Navigation