Abstract
This paper introduces the current Brazilian DTV (Digital Television) scenario toward the next DTTB (Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting) system (named TV 3.0), the fixed Internet broadband scenario, as well the video scalability advantages of the new DTTB generation. Targeting to contribute with solutions for the new system, it is proposed to use video scalability and hybrid transmission to deliver UHD (Ultra High Definition) 4K video to the final user to enhance video quality and user experience. 2K video BL (Base Layer) is OTA (Over the Air) broadcasted using ROUTE (Real-Time Object Delivery Over Unidirectional Transport) protocol as a transport layer. In contrast, the UHD 4K EL (Enhancement Layer) is OTT (Over-The-Top) transmitted to the receiver via DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for synchronizing both layers. A hybrid receiver's architecture is proposed to receive and combine the BL and EL video contents. Video delivery latency is a challenge that video distributors should always be aware not to impact the user's experience. Therefore, different tests have been executed to measure latency between video layers and test the receiver's behavior in different conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
SBTVD Forum (2020) Call for Proposals: TV 3.0 Project. SBTVD Forum Phase 1 – Call for Proposals. https://forumsbtvd.org.br/tv3_0/. Accessed 03 September 2022
SBTVD Forum (2021) CfP Phase 2 / Testing and Evaluation: TV 3.0 Project. SBTVD Forum Phase 2 – Test Procedures. https://forumsbtvd.org.br/tv3_0/. Accessed 03 September 2022
SBTVD Forum (2021) Adopted Technologies. SBTVD Forum Phase 2 – Results. https://forumsbtvd.org.br/tv3_0/. Accessed 03 September 2022
ITU-T (2022) Versatile Video Coding - Recommendation ITU-T H.266. ITU-T. https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.266-202204-I/en. Accessed 03 September 2022
Bross B et al (2021) Overview of the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) Standard and its Applications. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 31(10):3736–3764. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2021.3101953
ITU-T (2021) High Efficiency Video Coding, Recommendation ITU-T H.265, ITU-T. https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.265-202108-I/en. Accessed 03 September 2022
Boyce JM et al (2016) Overview of SHVC: Scalable Extensions of the High Efficiency Video Coding Standard. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Vid Technol 26(1):20–34. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2015.2461951
Vaz RA, Alves LGP, Akamine C (2020) Video Scalability Advantages for the next Brazilian Terrestrial Digital Television Generation (TV 3.0). SET Int J Broadcast Eng. ISSN Print: 2446-9246 ISSN Online: 2446-9432
ANATEL (2022) Number of Accesses to Telecommunications Services. ANATEL. Available in Portuguese: http://www.anatel.gov.br/. Accessed 03 September 2022
IBGE (2021) Continuous PNAD – Internet and TV access and possession of a cell phone for personal use 2021. IBGE. Available in Portuguese: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101963_informativo.pdf. Accessed 03 September 2022
Lee JY et al (2020) IP-Based Cooperative Services Using ATSC 3.0 Broadcast and Broadband. IEEE Trans Broadcast 66(2):440–448. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2020.2983301
Yim HJ et al. (2021) 8K-UHD service platform using SHVC for ATSC 3.0-based terrestrial broadcasting 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting, pp. 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1109/BMSB53066.2021.9547184
You D, Kim SH, Kim DH (2021) ATSC 3.0 ROUTE/DASH Signaling for Immersive Media: New Perspectives and Examples. IEEE Access 9:164503–164509. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3133626
ATSC (2022) ATSC Standard: Signaling, Delivery, Synchronization, and Error Protection, document A/331. ATSC 3.0. https://www.atsc.org/atsc-documents/type/3-0-standards/. Accessed 03 September 2022
ATSC (2022) ATSC Standard: ATSC 3.0 System, document A/300, ATSC 3.0. https://www.atsc.org/atsc-documents/type/3-0-standards/. Accessed 03 September 2022
Solyman AAA et al (2020) A Low-Complexity Equalizer for Video Broadcasting in Cyber-Physical Social Systems Through Handheld Mobile Devices. IEEE Access 8:67591–67602. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982001
DVB (2015) DVB Standard: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), ETSI 302 755 V.1.4.1. DVB https://dvb.org/specifications/. Accessed 03 September 2022
Trojahn TH, Gonçalves JL, Mattos JCB et al (2012) Evaluating two implementations of the component responsible for decoding video and audio in the Brazilian digital TV middleware. Multimed Tools Appl 57:373–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-011-0753-x
Pereira DMG, Silva FJ d S e, Neto CDSS, Santos DVD, Coutinho LR, Guedes ÁLV (2021) An ontology-based approach to integrate TV and IoT middlewares. Multimed Tools Appl 80:1813–1837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09645-4
Luaces D, Viqueira JRR, Gamallo P et al (2018) GeoHbbTV: A framework for the development and evaluation of geographic interactive TV contents. Multimed Tools Appl 77:28023–28048. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6021-6
Richardson, I. E. G (2003) H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression. Ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York
Celandroni N, Ferro E, Potortì F et al (2000) MPEG-2 Coded Video Traces Transmitted Over a Satellite Link: Scalable and Non-Scalable Solutions in Rain Fading Conditions. Multimedia Tools and Applications 10:73–97. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009616005969
Kantarcı A (2008) Streaming of scalable h.264 videos over the Internet. Multimed Tools Appl 36:303–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-007-0147-2
Adeyemi-Ejeye AO, Alreshoodi M, Al-Jobouri L et al (2019) Impact of packet loss on 4K UHD video for portable devices. Multimed Tools Appl 78:31733–31755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07996-1
Jung KH, Kim SH, Kang DW (2017) A method to reduce the complexity of conditional replenishment algorithm for hybrid 3DTV with mixed resolution. Multimed Tools Appl 76:11273–11284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3324-3
Ahmad I, Swaminathan V, Aved A et al (2022) An overview of rate control techniques in HEVC and SHVC video encoding. Multimed Tools Appl 81:34919–34950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11249-5
Gazdar A, Alkwai L (2018) Toward a full peer to peer MPEG-DASH compliant streaming system. Multimed Tools Appl 77:15829–15849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5157-0
Walker GK, Stockhammer T, Mandyam G, Wang Y-K, Lo C (2016) ROUTE/DASH IP Streaming-Based System for Delivery of Broadcast, Broadband, and Hybrid Services. IEEE Trans Broadcast 62(1):328–337. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2016.2515539
Gómez-Barquero D et al (2016) MIMO for ATSC 3.0. IEEE Trans Broadcast 62(1):298–305. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2015.2505399
Stadelmeier L, Schneider D, Zöllner J, Gimenez JJ (2016) Channel Bonding for ATSC3.0. IEEE Trans Broadcast 62(1):289–297. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2016.2529289
Park SI et al (2016) Low Complexity Layered Division Multiplexing for ATSC 3.0. IEEE Trans Broadcast 62(1):233–243. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2015.2492459
ATSC (2022) ATSC Standard: Video-HEVC, document A/341, ATSC 3.0. https://www.atsc.org/atsc-documents/type/3-0-standards/. Accessed 03 September 2022
Digicap (2021) UHD Broadcasting Solutions. Digicap. http://www.digicaps.com/solution/uhd-broadcasting-solution/?lang=en. Accessed 03 September 2022
Ateme (2021) TITAN Live Encoder. Ateme. https://www.ateme.com/titan-live/. Accessed 03 September 2022
Protelevision (2021) ATSC 3.0 Exciter. Protelevision. https://protelevision.com/pt3063-atsc-3-0-exciter/. Accessed 03 September 2022
Amazon (2021) AWS Cloud Computing Services, Amazon. https://aws.amazon.com/. Accessed 03 September 2022
GPAC (2021) Video Player. GPAC Multimedia Open-Source Project. https://gpac.wp.imt.fr/tag/shvc/. Accessed 03 September 2022
Regueiro C et al (2015) SHVC and LDM techniques for HD/UHD TV indoor reception. IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting, pp. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1109/BMSB.2015.7177224
SBTVD Forum (2021) Testing and Evaluation Report: TV 3.0 Project - Over-the-air Physical Layer Field Tests. SBTVD Forum Phase 2 – Reports. https://forumsbtvd.org.br/tv3_0/. Accessed 03 September 2022
Vaz RA, Akamine C (2022) Lua Dissector for ROUTE Protocol ATSC 3.0. GitHub. https://github.com/radvaz/ROUTE-DASH-Analyzer. Accessed 03 September 2022
Computer Graphics Technology Group (2021) Lua Programming Language. PUC-Rio. https://www.lua.org/. Accessed 03 September 2022
Wireshark (2021) Wireshark Packet Analyzer. Wireshark.: https://www.wireshark.org/. Accessed 03 September 2022
IETF (2009) Layered Coding Transport (LCT) Building Block, RFC 5651. RFC. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5651.html. Accessed 03 September 2022
ISO/IEC (2019) ISO/IEC 23009-1:2019 Information technology — Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) — Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats
AWS (2022) Video Latency in Live Streaming. AWS. https://aws.amazon.com/media/tech/video-latency-in-live-streaming/?nc1=h_ls
Le Feuvre J et al (2007) GPAC: opensource multimedia framework. Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on Multimedia, pp. 1009-1012, https://doi.org/10.1145/1291233.1291452
Le Feuvre J (2020) GPAC Filters. Proceedings of the 11th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, pp. 249-254, https://doi.org/10.1145/3339825.3394929
Almadani B, Alsaeedi M, Al-Roubaiey A (2016) QoS-aware scalable video streaming using data distribution service. Multimed Tools Appl 75:5841–5870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2551-3
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank SIDIA/Samsung and Mackenzie Presbyterian University for the support, infrastructure, and opportunity to develop this research.
This work was partially supported by Samsung Eletrônica da Amazônia Ltda, under the auspice of the Informatics Law N° 8.387/91.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
We wish to confirm that, there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.
Data sharing
Not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Vaz, R.A., Alves, L.G.P., Lobeiro, M. et al. Integrated broadband broadcast video scalability usage proposal to next-generation of brazilian DTTB system. Multimed Tools Appl 83, 46997–47020 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-17480-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-17480-6