Abstract
Copyright infringement of 3D models has become an issue for 3D printing ecosystem. However, the existing 3D model copyright protecting technologies are not robust enough to resist 3D model common attacks include cropping, noise and simplification. Therefore, we propose a robust zero watermarking scheme for 3D models using angle values of adjacent faces. To resist geometric attacks, we first normalize the 3D mesh model. We divide the mesh model from global to local into many blocks using an octree segmentation method. With the octree segmentation, we can obtain global and local information. Each vertex of a mesh model is defined as a center for establishing a number of bins. In each bin, the angle between each pair of faces is used to obtain eigenvalues. The eigenvalues will be optimized, and a two level wavelet transform is used to construct the zero watermark. The experimental results show that the normalized correlation between watermarks of the original and attacked models is about 90% using the proposed method, which is higher than those of existing methods after different strength of attacks.
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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This research project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62062064) and the Education Department of Jilin Province (Grant No. JJKH20200511KJ).
Funding
This research project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62062064) and the Education Department of Jilin Province (Grant No. JJKH20200511KJ).
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Li, D., Yang, Z. & Jin, X. Zero watermarking scheme for 3D triangle mesh model based on global and local geometric features. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 43635–43648 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15288-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15288-y