Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A combined domain watermarking algorithm of color image

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

At present, some watermarking techniques have been proposed to protect the copyright of image either in frequency domain or in spatial domain. Designing a combined-domain watermarking algorithm is a difficult problem, which not only has short running time of spatial-domain watermarking algorithm but also has strong robustness of transform-domain watermarking algorithm. In this paper, a novel color image watermarking algorithm in spatial domain combining the principle of discrete Wavelet transform (DWT) is presented to embed color watermark image into color carrier image. At first, how to get the first low-frequency coefficient of DWT in spatial domain is analyzed. Then, the changing quantity of the first low-frequency coefficient in spatial domain is calculated by the presented algorithm. According to the presented features of the first low-frequency coefficient, the processes of embedding watermark and extracting watermark information are finished in spatial-domain instead of DWT. This presented algorithm has the following two innovations: (i) the first low-frequency coefficient of DWT is computed by image pixels in spatial domain; (ii) the presented algorithm is as robust as the transform-domain watermarking methods, and it is as rapid as the spatial-domain watermarking methods. The simulation data shows the presented algorithm has good watermarking performances as respect to visual imperceptibility, robustness, payload, and running time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Agarwal C, Mishra A, Sharma A (2013) Gray-scale image watermarking using GA-BPN hybrid network. J Vis Commun Image Represent 24(7):1135–1146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chang CS, Shen JJ (2017) Features classification forest: a novel development that is adaptable to robust blind watermarking techniques. IEEE Trans Image Process 26(8):3921–3935

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Golear NEH, Seghir R, Benzid R (2010) Bind RGB color image watermarking based on singular value decomposition[C]//. IEEE/ACS Int Conf Comp Syst Appl. Hammamet, Tunisia: 2010: 1–5.

  4. Huynh-The T, Banos O, Lee S, Yoon Y, Le-Tien T (2016) Improving digital image watermarking by means of optimal channel selection. Expert Syst Appl 62(11):177–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Huynh-The T, Hua C, AnhTu N, Hur T (2018) Selective bit embedding scheme for robust blind color image watermarking. Inf Sci 426(2):1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Huynh-The T, Hua CH, Tu NA, Hur T, Bang J, Kim D, Amin MB, Ho Kang B, Seung H, Lee S (2018) Selective bit embedding scheme for robust blind color image watermarking. Inf Sci 426:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kim C, Shin D, Leng L et al (2018) Separable reversible data hiding in encrypted halftone image. Displays 55:71–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kim C, Shin D, Leng L, Yang CN (2018) Lossless data hiding for absolute moment block truncation coding using histogram modification. J Real Time Image Process 14(1):101–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Leng L, Zhang J, Khan MK et al (2010) Dynamic weighted discrimination power analysis: a novel approach for face and palmprint recognition in DCT domain. Int J Phys Sci 5(17):2543–2554

    Google Scholar 

  10. Leng L, Zhang J, Xu J, et al. (2010) Dynamic weighted discrimination power analysis in DCT domain for face and palmprint recognition, 2010 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). 467–471

  11. Leng L, Li M, Kim C, Bi X (2017) Dual-source discrimination power analysis for multi-instance contactless palmprint recognition. Multimedia Tools Appl 76(1):333–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Liao X, Qin Z, Ding L (2017) Data embedding in digital images using critical functions. Signal Process Image Commun 58:146–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Liao X, Yu Y, Li B, Li Z, Qin Z (2020) A new payload partition strategy in color image steganography. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 30(3):685–696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Run RS, Horng SJ, Lin WH, Kao TW, Fan P, Khan MK (2011) An efficient wavelet-tree-based watermarking method. Expert Syst Appl 38(12):14357–14366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Saboori A, Hosseini SA (2016) A novel non-blind watermarking scheme for color image using pca transform and histogram matching technique, in: Proceedings of the 2016 Tenth International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), pp. 1–5.

  16. Sadreazami H, Omair Ahmad M, Swamy MNS (2015) A robust multiplicative watermark detector for color images in sparse domain. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst—II: Express Briefs 62(12):1159–1163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Su Q, Niu Y, Wang G, Jia S, Yue J (2014) Color image blind watermarking scheme based on QR decomposition. Signal Process 94(1):219–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Su Q, Niu Y, Zou H, Zhao Y, Yao T (2014) A blind double color image watermarking algorithm based on QR decomposition. Multimedia Tools Appl 72(1):987–1009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Su Q, Wang G, Zhang X, Lv G, Chen B (2017) An improved color image watermarking algorithm based on QR decomposition. Multimedia Tools Appl 76(1):707–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Su Q, Yuan Z, Liu D (2019) An approximate Schur decomposition-based spatial domain color image watermarking method. IEEE Access 7(1):4358–4370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Su Q, Liu D, Yuan Z, Wang G, Zhang X, Chen B, Yao T (2019) New rapid and robust color image watermarking technique in spatial domain. IEEE Access 7(3):30398–30409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. University of Granada. Computer Vision Group. CVG-UGR Image Database. [2012-10-22]. http://decsai.ugr.es/cvg/dbimagenes/c512.php

  23. Wang Z, Bovik AC, Sheikh HR, Simoncelli EP (2004) Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans Image Process 13(4):600–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Yuan Z, Liu D, Zhang X, et al. (2020) New image blind watermarking method based on two-dimensional discrete cosine transform. Optik. 204

  25. Zhang Y, Qin C, Zhang W, Liu F, Luo X (2018) On the fault-tolerant performance for a class of robust image steganography. Signal Process 146(5):99–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang F, Luo T, Jiang G, Yu M, Xu H, Zhou W (2019) A novel robust color image watermarking method using RGB correlations. Multimed Tools Appl 78(14):20133–20155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhou Z, Wang Y, Wu QMJ, Yang CN, Sun X (2017) Effective and efficient global context verification for image copy detection. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 12(1):48–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The research was partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (61771231, 61772253, 61873117, and 61872170), and Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2019GGX101025).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China

    Qingtang Su, Huanying Wang, DeCheng Liu, Zihan Yuan & Xueting Zhang

Authors
  1. Qingtang Su
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Huanying Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. DeCheng Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zihan Yuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xueting Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qingtang Su.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Su, Q., Wang, H., Liu, D. et al. A combined domain watermarking algorithm of color image. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 30023–30043 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09436-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09436-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation