Abstract
High data hiding capacity, stego image quality and security are the measures of steganography. Of these three measures, number of bits that can be hidden in a single cover pixel, bits per pixel (bpp), is very important and many researchers are working to improve the bpp. Recently, to enhance the embedding capacity, some of the schemes were proposed which are based on the fixed equation that is used as an extraction function of secret data from the stego image. We propose an improved high capacity data hiding method that maintain the acceptable image quality that is more than 30 dB and improves the embedding capacity higher than that of the methods proposed in recent years. The method proposed in this paper uses n2 − ary notational system and achieves higher embedding rate of 4 bpp and also maintain the good visual quality.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chan C-K, Cheng LM (2004) Hiding data in images by simple LSB substitution. Pattern Recogn 37(3):469–474
Datta B, K. Bandyopadhyay S, Kedia A (2014) High Imperceptible Data Hiding using Remainder Method. Int J Comput Appl 95:12–19
Fua D-S, Jinga Z-J, Zhaoa S-G, Fana J (2014) International Journal of Electronics and Communications 68(10):933–943
Jung K-H (2009) Improved Exploiting Modification Direction method by modulus operation. International Journal of Signal processing, Image processing and pattern 2(1):79–87
Khan A, Siddiqa A, Munib S, Malik SA (2014) A recent survey of reversible watermarking techniques. Inf Sci 279:251–272
Kim C Data hiding by an improved exploiting modification direction. Multimed Tools Appl 69(3):569–584
Kuo W-C, Kuo S-H, Huang Y-C (2013) Data hiding schemes based on the formal improved exploiting modification direction method. Applied mathematics and information sciences letters 1(3):81–88
Kuo W-C, Kuob S-H, Wangb C-C, Wuua L-C (2016) High capacity data hiding scheme based on multi-bit encoding function. International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 127(4):1762–1769
Kuo W-C, Wangb C-C (2013) Data hiding based on generalised exploiting modification direction method. The Imaging Science Journal 61(6):484–490
Kuo WC, Wuv LC, Kuo SH (2012) The High embedding steganographic Method based on General Multi - EMD", IEEE International Conference on Information Security and Intelligence Control (ISIC), pp 286–289
Lee CF, Wang YR, Chang CC (2007) A Steganographic Method with High Embedding Capacity by Improving Exploiting Modification Direction. Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, Third International Conference, 01: 497-500
Qiu Y, Qian Z, Yu L (2015) Adaptive Reversible Data Hiding by Extending the Generalized Integer Transformation. IEEE Signal Processing Letters 23(1):130–134
Shen S-Y, Huang L-H (2015) A data hiding scheme using pixel value differencing and improving exploiting modification directions. Computers & Security 48:131–141
Tseng HW, Leng HS (2014) High-payload block-based data hiding scheme using hybrid edge detector with minimal distortion. IET Image Process 8(11):647–654
Wu HT, Dugelay YQ (2014) Shi. IEEE Signal Processing Letters 22(1):81–85
Zhang X, Wang S (2006) Efficient Steganographic Embedding by Exploiting Modification direction. IEE Communications Letter 10(11):781–783
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sairam, T.D., Boopathybagan, K. An improved high capacity data hiding scheme using pixel value adjustment and modulus operation. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 17003–17013 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7557-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7557-9