Abstract
In this paper a local pattern descriptor in high order derivative space is proposed for face recognition. The proposed local directional gradient pattern (LDGP) is a 1D local micropattern computed by encoding the relationships between higher order derivatives of the reference pixel in four distinct directions. The proposed descriptor identifies relationship between the high order derivatives of the referenced pixel in four different directions to compute the micropattern which corresponds to the local feature. Proposed descriptor considerably reduces the length of the micropattern which consequently reduces the extraction time and matching time while maintaining the recognition rate. Results of the extensive experiments conducted on benchmark databases AT&T, Extended Yale B and CMU-PIE show that the proposed descriptor significantly reduces the extraction as well as matching time while the recognition rate of the descriptor is almost similar to existing state of the art methods. Moreover the proposed descriptor is more resistant against the AWGN compared to the other state of the art descriptors used for face recognition problems.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
18 January 2018
The Eqs. 3 and 15 in the original version of this article contained an error.
References
Ahonen T, Hadid A, Pietikäinen M (2006) Face description with local binary patterns: application to face recognition. IEEE Trans Patterns Anal Mach Intell 28(12):2037–2041
Belhumeur PN, Hespanha JP, Kriegman DJ (1997) Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Trans Patterns Anal Mach Intell 19(7):711–720
Choi JY, Ro YM, Plataniotis KN (2011) Boosting color feature selection for color face recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 20(5):1425–1434
Choi JY, Ro YM, Plataniotis KN (2012) Color local texture features for color face recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 21(3):1366–1380
Erdogmus N, Dugelay J-L (2014) 3D assisted face recognition: dealing with expression variations. IEEE Trans Inf Forensic Secur 09(5):826–838
Etemad K, Chellappa R (1997) Discriminant analysis for recognition of human face images. J Opt Soc Am 14:1724–1733
Fan KC, Hung TY (2014) A novel local pattern descriptor—local vector pattern in high-order derivative space for face recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 23(7):2877–2891
Georghiades AS, Belhumeur PN, Kriegman DJ (2001) From few to many: illumination cone models for face recognition under variable lighting and pose. IEEE Trans Patterns Anal Mach Intell 23(6):643–660
Kim H-I, Choi JY, Lee SH, Ro YM (2015) Feature scalability for a low complexity face recognition with unconstrained spatial resolution. Multimedia Tools Appl. doi:10.1007/s11042-015-2616-3
Lee KC, Ho J, Kriegman DJ (2005) Acquiring linear subspaces for face recognition under variable lighting. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 27(5):684–698
Martinez AM, Kak AC (2001) PCA versus LDA. IEEE Trans Patterns Anal Mach Intell 23(2):228–233
Murala S, Maheshwari RP, Balasubramanian R (2012) Local tetra patterns: a new feature descriptor for content-based image retrieval. IEEE Trans Image Process 21(5):2874–2886
Ojala T, Pietikäinen M, Harwood D (1996) A comparative study of texture measures with classification based on feature distributions. Pattern Recog 29(1):51–59
Ojala T, Pietikäinen M, Mäenpää T (2002) Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Trans Patterns Anal Mach Intell 24(7):971–987
Pietikäinen M, Ojala T, Xu Z (2000) Rotation-invariant texture classi-fication using feature distributions. Pattern Recog 33(1):43–52
Rivera R, Castillo JR, Chae O (2013) Local directional number pattern for face analysis: face and expression recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 22(5):1740–1752
Samaria F, and Harter A (1994) Parameterisation of a stochastic model for human face identification, 2nd IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, Sarasota (Florida), Available: ftp://quince.cam-orl.co.uk/pub/users/fs/IEEE_workshop.ps.Z
Shen F, Yang W, Li H, Zhang H, Shen HT (2014) Robust regression based face recognition with fast outlier removal. Multimedia Tools Appl. doi:10.1007/s11042-014-2340-4
Sim T, Baker S, Bsat M (2003) The CMU pose, illumination, and expression database. IEEE Trans Patterns Anal Mach Intell 25(12):1615–1618
Turk M, Pentland A (1991) Eigenfaces for recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 3(1):71–86
Zhang B, Gao Y, Zhao S, Liu J (2010) Local derivative pattern versus local binary pattern: face recognition with higher-order local pattern descriptor. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(2):533–544
Zhu P, Zuo W, Zhang L, C-K Shiu S, Zhang D (2014) Image Set-based collaborative representation for face recognition. IEEE Trans Inf Forensic Secur 09(7):1120–1032
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
A correction to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-5612-6.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chakraborty, S., Singh, S.K. & Chakraborty, P. Local directional gradient pattern: a local descriptor for face recognition. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 1201–1216 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3111-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3111-6