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Identification and analysis of MAPK cascade gene families of Camellia oleifera and their roles in response to cold stress

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Abstract

Background

Low-temperature severely limits the growth and development of Camellia oleifera (C. oleifera). The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a key role in the response to cold stress.

Methods and results

Our study aims to identify MAPK cascade genes in C. oleifera and reveal their roles in response to cold stress. In our study, we systematically identified and analyzed the MAPK cascade gene families of C. oleifera, including their physical and chemical properties, conserved motifs, and multiple sequence alignments. In addition, we characterized the interacting networks of MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK)-MAPK kinase (MAPKK)-MAPK in C. oleifera. The molecular mechanism of cold stress resistance of MAPK cascade genes in wild C. oleifera was analyzed by differential gene expression and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR).

Conclusion

In this study, 21 MAPKs, 4 MAPKKs and 55 MAPKKKs genes were identified in the leaf transcriptome of C. oleifera. According to the phylogenetic results, MAPKs were divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D), MAPKKs were divided into 3 groups (A, B and D), and MAPKKKs were divided into 2 groups (MEKK and Raf). Motif analysis showed that the motifs in each subfamily were conserved, and most of the motifs in the same subfamily were basically the same. The protein interaction network based on Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) homologs revealed that MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK genes were widely involved in C. oleifera growth and development and in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Gene expression analysis revealed that the CoMAPKKK5/CoMAPKKK43/CoMAPKKK49—CoMAPKK4—CoMAPK8 module may play a key role in the cold stress resistance of wild C. oleifera at a high-elevation site in Lu Mountain (LSG). This study can facilitate the mining and utilization of genetic resources of C. oleifera with low-temperature tolerance.

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Data availability

The transcriptome data used in this study can be found in online repositories. The name of the repository and accession number can be found below: NCBI Sequence Read Archive, PRJNA915196. In addition to the transcriptome data, all other data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32260306) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32270238) for funding and supporting of this study.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32260306) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32270238).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China

    Kaifeng Xing, Jian Zhang, Haoxing Xie, Lidong Zhang, Huaxuan Zhang, Liyun Feng, Jun Zhou, Yao Zhao & Jun Rong

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Contributions

K.X., J.Z., X.X., Y.Z. and J.R. designed the experiments. K.X. conducted the experiments with help from J.Z., H.X., L.Z., H.Z., L.F., J.Z., X.X. and Y.Z. K.X., J.Z., H.X., L.Z., H.Z., L.F., J.Z., X.X., Y.Z. and J.R. participated in data analyses. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Jian Zhang.

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11033_2024_9551_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary file1 (TIF 2345 KB)—Supplementary Fig 1 Gene expression levels of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses. Data are presented as the mean between treated and control samples at each time point ± standard error (SE).

11033_2024_9551_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx

Supplementary file2 (XLSX 49 KB)—Supplementary Table S0. Author names, affiliation and e-mail address of the corresponding author. Supplementary Table S1. MAPK, MAPKK and MAPKKK families in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Camellia sinensis. Supplementary Table S2. Characteristics of MAPK, MAPKK and MAPKKK gene families in Camellia oleifera. Supplementary Table S3. Motif analysis of MAPK, MAPKK and MAPKKK families in Camellia oleifera. Supplementary Table S4. Identification of homologous proteins in the Camellia oleifera MAPK cascade genes by the BLASTP algorithm. Supplementary Table S5. Expression data of Camellia oleifera MAPK cascade genes under cold stress. Supplementary Table S6. The primer sequences used for qRT-PCR.

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Xing, K., Zhang, J., Xie, H. et al. Identification and analysis of MAPK cascade gene families of Camellia oleifera and their roles in response to cold stress. Mol Biol Rep 51, 602 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09551-0

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