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An insight into the associations between microRNA expression and mitochondrial functions in cancer cell and cancer stem cell

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Abstract

The self-renew ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs) continues to challenge our determination for accomplishing cancer therapy breakthrough. Ineffectiveness of current cancer therapies to eradicate CSCs has contributed to chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Yet, the discoveries of highly effective therapies have not been thoroughly developed. Further insights into cancer metabolomics and gene-regulated mechanisms of mitochondria in CSCs can expedite the development of novel anticancer drugs. In cancer cells, the metabolism is reprogrammed from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. This alteration allows the cancer cell to receive continuous energy supplies and avoid apoptosis. The pyruvate obtained from glycolysis produces acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) via oxidative decarboxylation and enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle for adenosine triphosphate generation. Mitochondrial calcium ion (Ca2+) uptake is responsible for mitochondrial physiology regulation, and reduced uptake of Ca2+  inhibits apoptosis and enhances cell survival in cancer. There have been many discoveries of mitochondria-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) stimulating the metabolic alterations in mitochondria via gene regulation which promote cancer cell survival. These miRNAs are also found in CSCs where they regulate genes and activate different mechanisms to destroy the mitochondria and enhance CSCs survival. By targeting the miRNAs that induced mitochondrial destruction, the mitochondrial functions can be restored; thus, it triggers CSCs apoptosis and completely eliminates the CSCs. In general, this review article aims to address the associations between miRNAs with mitochondrial activities in cancer cells and cancer stem cells that support cancer cell survival and self-renewal.

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Abbreviations

Acetyl-CoA:

Acetyl-coenzyme A

ACL:

ATP-citrate lyase

ATP:

 Adenosine triphosphate

CSCs:

Cancer stem cells

EMT:

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

lncRNA:

Long non-coding RNA

MAMs:

Mitochondria-associated membranes

MCU:

Mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter

miRNAs:

microRNAs

OXPHOS:

Oxidative phosphorylation

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid

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Funding

This study was funded by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (04-01-20-2285FR) and Universiti Putra Malaysia Research University Grant Scheme (GP-IPS/2022/9724000).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Wee Lin Tan & Yoke Kqueen Cheah

  2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Sethu Thakachy Subha

  3. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Norhafizah Mohtarrudin

  4. Institute of Bioscience UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Yoke Kqueen Cheah

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  1. Wee Lin Tan
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  2. Sethu Thakachy Subha
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  3. Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
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Correspondence to Yoke Kqueen Cheah.

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Tan, W.L., Subha, S.T., Mohtarrudin, N. et al. An insight into the associations between microRNA expression and mitochondrial functions in cancer cell and cancer stem cell. Mol Biol Rep 50, 5395–5405 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08421-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08421-5

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