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Betaine regulates adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hAD-MSCs

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A Correction to this article was published on 12 September 2023

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Abstract

Background

With an ageing population, the incidence of bone loss and obesity are increasing. Numerous studies emphasized the multidirectional differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and reported betaine modulated the osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. We wondered how betaine affected the differentiation of hAD-MSCs and hUC-MSCs.

Methods and results

ALP staining and alizarin red S (ARS) staining were proved 10 mM betaine significantly increased the number of ALP-positive cells and plaque calcified extracellular matrices, accompanying by the up-regulation of OPN, Runx-2 and OCN. Oil red O staining demonstrated the number and size of lipid droplets were reduced, the expression of adipogenic master genes such as PPARγ, CEBPα and FASN were down-regulated simultaneously. For further investigating the mechanism of betaine on hAD-MSCs, RNA-seq was performed in none-differentiation medium. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed fat cell differentiation and bone mineralization function terms were enriched, and KEGG showed PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction pathways were enriched in betaine treated hAD-MSCs, demonstrated betaine had a positive inducing effect on osteogenic of hAD-MSCs in the non-differentiation medium in vitro, which is opposite to the effect on adipogenic differentiation.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that betaine promoted osteogenic and compromised adipogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs and hAD-MSCs upon low concentration administration. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction were significantly enriched under betaine-treated. We showed hAD-MSCs were more sensitive to betaine stimulation and have a better differentiation ability than hUC-MSCs. Our results contributed to the exploration of betaine as an aiding agent for MSCs therapy.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA849741, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA885273.

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Funding

This work was supported by Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC2002027), Programs from the Department of Education of Liaoning Province (LQ2020022). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

    Yue Jing, Lin Yu, Xiaomeng Ren & Xiushan Yin

  2. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China

    Jian Zhou

  3. Jiangsu Pulu Rui Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China

    Fenghua Guo

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Correspondence to Xiushan Yin.

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Number of patent application: 202211292063 .X. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Author contributions Statement

Yue Jing and Jian Zhou designed and finished this study; Yue Jing analyze and visualize the data; Fenghua Guo validate the data; Lin Yu, Xiaomeng Ren and Xiushan Yin revised the paper. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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The authors Yue Jing and Jian Zhou contributed equally to this work.

The original online version of this article was revised: The missing equally contribution statement “The authors Yue Jing and Jian Zhou contributed equally to this work” is included.

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Jing, Y., Zhou, J., Guo, F. et al. Betaine regulates adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hAD-MSCs. Mol Biol Rep 50, 5081–5089 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08404-6

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