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Application of RNAi technology: a novel approach to navigate abiotic stresses

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Abstract

Background

Due to the rising population globally, and the demand for food, it is critical to significantly increase crop production by 2050. However, climate change estimates show that droughts and heatwaves will become more prevalent in many parts of the world, posing a severe danger to food output.

Methods

Selective breeding based on genetic diversity is falling short of meeting the expanding need for food and feed. However, the advent of modern plant genetic engineering, genome editing, and synthetic biology provides precise techniques for producing crops capable of sustaining yield under stress situations.

Results

As a result, crop varieties with built-in genetic tolerance to environmental challenges are desperately needed. In the recent years, small RNA (sRNA) data has progressed to become one of the most effective approaches for the improvement of crops. So many sRNAs (18-30nt) have been found with the use of hi-tech bioinformatics and sequencing techniques which are involved in the regulation of sequence specific gene noncoding RNAs (short ncRNAs) i.e., microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Such research outcomes may advance our understanding of the genetic basis of adaptability of plants to various environmental challenges and the genetic variation of plant's tolerance to a number of abiotic stresses.

Conclusion

The review article highlights current trends and advances in sRNAs’ critical role in responses of plants to drought, heat, cold, and salinity, and also the potential technology that identifies the abiotic stress-regulated sRNAs, and techniques for analyzing and validating the target genes.

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Data availability

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Abbreviations

DICER:

Dicer-LIKE enzyme

DNA:

De-oxy ribonucleic acid

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

sRNA:

Small RNA

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RdRP:

RNA dependent RNA polymers

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan

    Izhar Ullah, Syed Tanveer Shah, Abdul Basit & Muhammad Sajid

  2. Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Ehab A. R. Kamel & Heba I. Mohamed

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  1. Izhar Ullah
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  2. Ehab A. R. Kamel
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  3. Syed Tanveer Shah
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  4. Abdul Basit
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  5. Heba I. Mohamed
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AB, IU, HIM: conceived, designed and wrote the original draft, AB, EARK, HIM, STS, IU, MS: contributed to materials, tools, and revised the manuscript, HIM: reviewed and editing the manuscript. All authors agree to submit the review.

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Correspondence to Heba I. Mohamed.

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Ullah, I., Kamel, E.A.R., Shah, S.T. et al. Application of RNAi technology: a novel approach to navigate abiotic stresses. Mol Biol Rep 49, 10975–10993 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07871-7

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