Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Phenotyping and validation of molecular markers associated with rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars in Egypt

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Molecular Biology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Thirteen Egyptian wheat cultivars were evaluated and characterized for adult plant resistance to yellow, leaf, and stem rusts. SSR markers linked to yellow, leaf and stem rust resistance genes were validated and subsequently used to identify wheat cultivars containing more than one rust resistance gene.

Results

Results of the molecular marker detection indicated that several genes, either alone or in different combinations, were present among the wheat cultivars, including Yr, Yr78 (stripe rust), Lr, Lr70 (leaf rust), Sr. Sr33, SrTA10187, Sr13, and Sr35 (stem rust), and Lr34/Yr18 and Lr49/Yr29 (leaf/stripe rust). The cultivar Sakha-95 was resistant to leaf and stem rusts, and partially resistant to stripe rust; however, this cultivar contained additional rust resistance genes (Lr, Sr and Lr/Yr). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) type for the various wheat cultivars differed depending on the type of rust infection (yellow, leaf, or stem rust, indicated by Yr, Lr, and Sr). The cultivars Gem-12, Sids-14, Giza-171, and Giza-168 had AUDPC types of partial resistance and resistance. All six cultivars, however, contained additional rust resistance genes.

Conclusions

Marker-assisted selection can be applied to improve wheat cultivars with efficient gene combinations that would directly support the development of durable resistance in Egypt. Once the expression of the resistance genes targeted in this study have been confirmed by phenotypic screening, the preferable cultivars can be used as donors by Egyptian wheat breeders. The results of this study will help breeders determine the extent of resistance under field conditions when breeding for rust resistance in bread wheat.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Available.

Code availability

No code.

References

  1. Johnson R (1988) Durable resistance to yellow (stripe) rust in wheat and its implications in plant breeding. In: Simonds NW, Ragaram S (eds) Breeding strategies for resistance to the rusts of wheat. CIMMYT, México, pp 63–75

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hasan MA, Boult OA, Abou-Zeid M, Gad MA (2016) Impact of different levels of stem and stripe rust severities on two grain yield components of wheat. Minufiya J Agric Res 41:621–629

    Google Scholar 

  3. Washington DC, Government US, Printing Office Wiese MV (1987) Compendium of wheat diseases. St. Paul, MN, USA, APS Press

  4. Nazim M, El-Shehedi AA, Abdou YA, El-Daoudi YH (1983) Yield losses caused by leaf rust on four wheat cultivars under different epiphytotic levels. In Proc. Fifth conference of microbiology, Cairo. pp. 18-27

  5. Kokhmetova A, Morgounov A, Rsaliev S, Rsaliev A, Yessenbekova G, Typina L (2011) Wheat germplasm screening for stem rust resistance using conventional and molecular techniques. Czech J Genet Plant Breed 47:S146–S154

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Abou-Zeid MA, Elkot AF (2017) Genetic analysis of adult plant resistance genes to stem rust in some Egyptian bread wheat cultivars. Egypt J Phytopathol 45:231–248. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejp.2017.88616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Shehab-Eldeen MT, Abou-Zeid MA (2020) Quantitative studies on wheat resistance to stripe and stem rusts and on grain yield. J Plant Prot Path Mansoura Univ 11:1071–1075

    Google Scholar 

  8. Barcellos AL, Roelfs AP, de Moraes-Fernandes MIB (2000) Inheritance of adult plant leaf rust resistance in the Brazilian cultivars Toropi. Plant Dis 84:90–93

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Brennan PS (1975) General resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritci Erikss and Henn). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sakathewen, Saskatoon, Canada. 142.

  10. Abou-Zeid MA (2014) Identification of yellow rust resistance gene Yr18 in Egyptian wheat germplasm by molecular markers. 2nd International Wheat Stripe Rus Symposium Izmir, Turkey, 28 April-1 May, 2014.

  11. Anderson JA, Chao S, Liu S (2013) Molecular breeding using a major QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Crop Sci 47:112–119

    Google Scholar 

  12. Liu W, Frick M, Huel R, Nykiforuk CL, Wang X, Gaudet DA, Eudes F, Conner RL, Kuzyk A, Chen Q, Kang Z, Laroche A (2014) The stripe rust resistance gene Yr10 encodes an evolutionary-conserved and unique CC–NBS–IRR sequence in wheat. Mol Plant 7:1740–1755

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Randhawa MS, Bariana HS, Mago R, Bansal UK (2015) Mapping of a new stripe rust resistance locus Yr57 on chromosome 3BS of wheat. Mol Breed 35:65

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wu J, Zeng Q, Wang Q, Liu S, Yu S (2018) SNP-based pool genotyping and haplotype analysis accelerate fine-mapping of the wheat genomic region containing stripe rust resistance gene Yr26. Theor Appl Genet 131:1481–1496

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Qie Y, Liu Y, Wang M, Li X, See DR, An D, Chen X (2019) Development, validation, and re-selection of wheat lines with pyramided genes Yr64 and Yr15 linked on the short arm of chromosome 1b for resistance to stripe rust. Plant Dis 103:51–58

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Elkot AF, El-Orabey WM, Draz IS, Sabry SR (2020) Marker-assisted identification of stem rust resistance genes Sr2, Sr13, Sr22 and Sr24 in Egyptian wheat cultivars. Egypt Plant Breed 24:225–245

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pal D, Bhardwaj SC, Sharma P, Sharma D, Khan H (2020) Molecular marker aided selection for developing rust resistant genotypes by pyramiding Lr19/Sr25 and Yr15 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Australas Plant Pathol 49:631–640

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gautam T, Dhillon GS, Saripalli G, Rakhi SVP (2020) Marker-assisted pyramiding of genes/QTL for grain quality and rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Mol Breed 40:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  19. Pal D, Bhardwaj SC, Sharma P, Sharma D, Kumari S, Patial M, Prabhu KV, Kumar J (2015) Molecular marker assisted backcross breeding for effective transfer of Lr19 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian J Genet 75:253–255

    Google Scholar 

  20. Singh A, Jaiswal JP, Badoni S (2018) Enhancing rust resistance in wheat through marker assisted backcross breeding. Ind J Gen Plant Breed 78:19–25

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Qiu L, Wang H, Li Y, Wang W, Liu Y (2020) Fine mapping of the wheat leaf rust resistance gene LrLC10 (Lr13) and validation of its co-segregation markers. Front Plant Sci 11:470

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Elshafei AA, Motawei MI, Esmail RM, Al-Doss AA, Hussien AM, Ibrahim EI, Amer MA (2021) Molecular breeding for rust resistance in wheat genotypes. Mol Biol Rep 48:731–742

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Abou-Zeid MA, Mourad AMI (2021) Genomic regions associated with stripe rust resistance against the Egyptian race revealed by genome-wide association study. BMC Plant Biol 21:42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-02813-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Tervet I, Cassel RC (1951) The use of cyclone separation in race identification of cereal rusts. Phytopath 41:282–285

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Peterson RF, Campbell AB, Hannah AE (1948) A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity on leaves and stems of cereals. Can J Res. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjr48c-033

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Roelfs AP, Singh RP, Saari EE (1992) Rust diseases of wheat: concepts and methods of disease management, 2nd edn. CIMMYT, Mexico, p 25

    Google Scholar 

  27. Pandey HN, Menon TCM, Rao MV (1989) A simple formula for calculating area under disease progress curve. Rachis 8:38–39

    Google Scholar 

  28. Van der Plank JE (1963) In plant diseases: epidemics and control. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  29. Snedecor GW, Cochran WG (1967) Statistical methods, 6th edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sepsi AI (2010) Molecular cytogenetic characterisation of a leaf-rust resistant wheat-Thinopyrum pontificum partial amphiploid. Doct. Dissert. Eotvos Lorand Univ. Sci. Budapest

  31. Periyannan SK, Qamar ZU, Bansal UK, Bariana HS (2014) Development and validation of molecular markers linked with stem rust resistance gene Sr13 in durum wheat. Crop Pasture Sci 65:74–79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Steel R, Torrie JH (1980) Principles and procedures of statistics: a biome-trical approach. McGraw-Hill, New York (NY)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hiebert CW, McCallum BD, Thomas JB (2014) Lr70, a new gene for leaf rust resistance mapped in common wheat accession KU3198. Theor Appl Genet 127:2005–2009

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sambasivam PK, Bansal UK, Hayden MJ, Lagudah E, Bariana HS (2008) Identification of markers linked with stem rust resistance genes Sr33 and Sr45.

  35. Campbell BW, Liu Y, Wise K, Jin Y, Ohm HW (2016) Inheritance and mapping of stem rust resistance of wheat line PI 410966. Cereal Res Commun 44:414–423

    Google Scholar 

  36. Olson EL, Rouse MN, Pumphrey MO, Bowden RL, Gill BS, Poland JA (2013) Introgression of stem rust resistance genes SrTA10187 and SrTA10171 from Aegilops tauschii to wheat. Theor Appl Genet 126:2477–2484

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lopez-Vera EE, Nelson S, Singh RP, Basnet BR, Haley SD, Bhavani S, Huerta-Espino J, Xoconostle-Cazares BG, Ruiz-Medrano R, Rouse MN, Singh S (2014) Resistance to stem rust Ug99 in six bread wheat cultivars maps to chromosome 6DS. Theor Appl Genet 127:231–239

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Yu LX, Barbier H, Rouse MN, Singh S, Singh RP, Bhavani S, Huerta-Espino J, Sorrells ME (2014) A consensus map for Ug99 stem rust resistance loci in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 127:1561–1581

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Bansal UK, Zwart R, Bhavani S, Wanyera R, Gupta V, Bariana HS (2012) Microsatellite mapping identifies TTKST-effective stem rust resistance gene in wheat cultivars VL404 and Janz. Mol Breed 30:1757–1765

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Saintenac C, Zhang WJ, Salcdo A, Rouse MN, Trick HN, Akhunov E, Dubcovsky J (2013) Identification of wheat gene Sr35 that confers resistance to Ug99 stem rust race group. Science 341:783–786

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Herrera-Foessel SA, Singh RP, Lan CX, Huerta-Espino J, Calvo-Salazar V, Bansal UK, Bariana HS, Lagudah ES (2015) Yr60, a gene conferring moderate resistance to stripe rust in wheat. Plant Dis 99:508–511

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Taye T, Fininsa C, Woldeab G (2015) Yield variability of bread wheat under wheat stem rust pressure at bore field condition of southern oromia. J Agric Sci Food Technol 1:11–15. Retrieved from http://pearlresearchjournals.org/journals/jmbsr/index.html.

  43. Randhawa M, Bansal U, Valárik M, Klocová B, Doležel J, Bariana H (2014) Molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene Yr51 in chromosome 4AL of wheat. Theor Appl Genet 127:317–324

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Zeng Q, Han D, Wang Q, Yuan F, Wu J, Zhang L, Wang X, Huang L, Chen X, Kang Z (2014) Stripe rust resistance and genes in Chinese wheat cultivars and breeding lines. Euphytica 196:271–284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wu J, Wang Q, Xu L, Chen X, Li B, Mu J, Zeng Q, Huang L, Han D, Kang Z (2018) Combining SNP genotyping array with bulked segregant analysis to map a gene controlling adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in wheat line03031-1-5. Phytopathology 108:103–113

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Nsabiyera V, Qureshi N, Bariana HS, Wong D, Forrest KL, Hayden MJ, Bansal UK (2016) Molecular markers for adult plant leaf rust resistance gene Lr48 in wheat. Mol Breed 36:65

    Google Scholar 

  47. Babiker EM, Gordon TC, Bonman JM, Chao S, Rouse MN, Brown-Guedira G, Williamson S, Pretorius ZA (2016) Rapid identification of resistance loci effective against Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race TTKSK in 33 spring wheat landraces. Plant Dis 100:331–336

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Zhang X, Rouse MN, Nava IC, Jin Y, Anderson JA (2016) Development and verification of wheat germplasm containing both Sr2 and Fhb1. Mol Breed 36:85

    Google Scholar 

  49. Mahmood Z, Aziz A, Andleeb T, Tanveer SK, Waqar S, Qamar M, Abbass SH, Rafique T, Ali M, Uddin S, Hasan SW (2020) Screening of resynthesized hexaploid wheats for durable rust resistance. Int J Agric Biol 24:621–630

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kolmer JA, Singh RP, Garvin DF, Viccars L, William HM, Huerta-Espino J, Ogbonnaya FC, Raman H, Orford S, Bariana HS, Lagudah ES (2008) Analysis of the Lr34/Yr18 rust resistance region in wheat germplasm. Crop Sci 48:1841–1852

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lu Y, Lan C, Liang S, Zhou X, Liu D, Zhou G, Lu Q, Jing J, Wang M, Xia X, He Z (2009) QTL mapping for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in Italian common wheat cultivars Libellula and Strampelli. Theor Appl Genet 119:1349–1359

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Singh RP, Rajaram S (1994) Genetics of adult plant resistance to stripe rust in ten spring bread wheats. Euphytica 72:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  53. Qureshi N, Bariana H, Forrest K, Hayden M, Keller B, Wicker T, Faris J, Salina E, Bansal U (2017) Fine mapping of the chromosome 5B region carrying closely linked rust resistance genes Yr47 and Lr52 in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 130:495–504

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Pal D, Bhardwaj SC, Patial M, Kumar S, Gangwar OP, Sharma P, Prabhu KV (2019) Transfer of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr19 and Yr15 in to a susceptible wheat cultivar HS295. Indian J Genet 79:618–621

    Google Scholar 

  55. Periyannan S, Bansal U, Bariana H, Deal K, Luo MC, Dvorak J, Lagudah E (2014) Identification of a robust molecular marker for the detection of the stem rust resistance gene Sr45 in common wheat. Theor Appl Genet 127:947–955

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Caldwell RM (1968) Breeding for general and/or specific plant 336 disease resistance Proc 3rd integrative wheat genetics Sym, Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, Australia. pp. 263–272.

  57. Huerta-Espino J, Singh R, Crespo-Herrera LA, Villaseñor-Mir HE, Rodriguez-Garcia MF, Dreisigacker S, Barcenas-Santana D, Lagudah E (2020) Adult plant slow rusting genes confer high levels of resistance to rusts in bread wheat cultivars from Mexico. Front Plant Sci 11:824

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Maré A, Boshoff WHP, Herselman L (2020) Molecular breeding of wheat lines for multiple rust and Fusarium head blight resistance. Euphytica 216(10):1–12

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The current work was funded by NRC within the 12tj research plan projects, through supporting project number (12050142) National Reseach Center, Giza, Egypt.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Center (NRC), Biotechnology Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

    Adel A. Elshafei, Fathallah B. Fathallah & Ramadan M. Esmail

  2. Wheat Diseases Research Department, Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt

    Waled M. El-Orabey & Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid

Authors
  1. Adel A. Elshafei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Waled M. El-Orabey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fathallah B. Fathallah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ramadan M. Esmail
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

AE, extracted DNA and applied PCR reaction and analyses the markers and wrote the paper FBF, extracted DNA and applied PCR reaction and analyses the markers and wrote the paper WE, were responsible for evaluation of rust disease and wrote the section (rust disease). MA were responsible for evaluation of rust disease and wrote the section (rust disease). RME revised the paper and manage the whole work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adel A. Elshafei.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. The authors declare that the work is ethically approved and consented to participate.

Consent for publication

The authors declare that the work has been consented for publication.

Permissions information

Any field activities were conducted properly within the Egyptian laws and regulations by an Agriculture research center (ARC) specialist (Second author on this paper). Therefore, no specific permissions were required for locations or field activities. Furthermore, we confirm that the field studies conducted in the current study did not involve endangering indigenous or protected species.

Regulation

The manuscript complies the local and national regulations.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOC 68 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Elshafei, A.A., El-Orabey, W.M., Fathallah, F.B. et al. Phenotyping and validation of molecular markers associated with rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars in Egypt. Mol Biol Rep 49, 1903–1915 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-07002-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-07002-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation