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The protective effect of carvacrol on acetaminophen-induced renal damage in male rats

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Abstract

Background

Acetaminophen overdose causes renal injury via oxidative stress and apoptosis induction. Carvacrol has several pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptotic effect. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of carvacrol on acetaminophen-induced renal damage in rats.

Methods and results

Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided to five groups (n = 8) including control, carvacrol 10 mg/kg, acetaminophen, acetaminophen + carvacrol 5 mg/kg, and acetaminophen + carvacrol 10 mg/kg. Animals received a single dose of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg), then were treated with carvacrol for 1 week (daily). Afterwards, renal blood flow (RBF), mean arterial pressure, renal perfusion pressure, renal vascular resistance (RVR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine were measured. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels were measured in the kidney tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin method was used for histological assessment. The Western blotting analysis was used to determine the Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins expression level in the kidney tissue. Carvacrol (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the RBF, GPx and SOD activities and also reduced the RVR, serum creatinine, BUN, and MDA in the acetaminophen + carvacrol 10 mg/kg group versus acetaminophen group (P < 0.05). Also, carvacrol significantly decreased the cleaved caspase-3, Bax proteins expression level, and kidney tissue damage score in the acetaminophen + carvacrol 10 mg/kg group versus acetaminophen group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study showed that carvacrol can attenuate the acetaminophen induced acute kidney damage via suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis biochemical factors.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (Grant # 97301).

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Author notes

  1. Alireza Najafizadeh and Ayat Kaeidi have contributed equal work in this project.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Alireza Najafizadeh, Mohammadreza Rahmani & Elham Hakimizadeh

  2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Alireza Najafizadeh, Ayat Kaeidi & Jalal Hassanshahi

  3. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Khalije Fars Blvd., Pistachio Co. Street, P.O. Box: 77175-835, Rafsanjan, 7719617996, Iran

    Jalal Hassanshahi

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  1. Alireza Najafizadeh
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Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JH. Performed the experiments: AK, JH, MR, and AN. Analyzed the data: JH and MR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EH, and JH. Wrote the paper: AN, JH and AK.

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Correspondence to Jalal Hassanshahi.

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Najafizadeh, A., Kaeidi, A., Rahmani, M. et al. The protective effect of carvacrol on acetaminophen-induced renal damage in male rats. Mol Biol Rep 49, 1763–1771 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06985-8

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