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Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of Eudocima salaminia (Cramer, 1777) (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), novel gene rearrangement and phylogenetic relationship within the superfamily Noctuoidea

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Abstract

The species Eudocima salaminia (Cramer, 1777) commonly known as the fruit-piercing moth belongs to family Erebidae. Its distribution varies from India and across South-east Asia, pacific islands and parts of Australia. The insect is a devastating pest of citrus, longans and lychees. In the present study, complete mitochondrial genome of Eudocima salaminia was sequenced and analyzed using Illumina sequencer. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on nucleotide sequences of 13 PCGs using Maximum likelihood method-General Reversible mitochondrial (mtREV) model. The mitogenome has 15,597 base pairs (bp) in length, comprising of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and A + T-rich region. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiate with canonical start codon ATN. The gene order (trnQ-trnI-trnM) of tRNA shows a different rearrangement compared to ancestral insect gene order (trnI-trnQ-trnM). Almost all tRNAs have a typical cloverleaf secondary structure except for trnS1 (AGN) which lacks the dihydrouridine arm. At the beginning of the control region, we observed a conserved polyT”, motif “ATTTA” and microsatellite (TA)n element. There are 21 intergenic regions and five overlapping regions ranging from 1 to 73 bp and 1 to 8 bp, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships based on nucleotide sequences of 13 PCGs using Maximum likelihood method showed the family level relationships as (Notodontidae + (Euteliidae + Noctuidae + (Erebidae + Nolidae))). The present study represents the similarity to phylogenetic analysis of Noctuoidea mitogenome. Moreover, the family Erebidae is the sister to the families of (Euteliidae + Noctuidae + Nolidae).

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST)-Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) [Grant Number: EMR/2017/000566]. The authors are grateful to the Director, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India for providing the facilities. We also thank Dr Stanislaus Antony Ceasar, Senior Scientist, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Rajagiri Valley, Kakkanad, Kochi, Kerala, India for helping in validating the data.

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  1. Division of Taxonomy and Biodiversity, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600034, India

    Muzafar Riyaz, Rauf Ahmad Shah & Sivasankaran Kuppusamy

  2. Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, 627002, India

    Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu

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MR and RAS: Conceived the experiment and data curation. SI: Supervision, reviewing and editing the manuscript. SK: Designed, conceived the experiment, performed the genomic analyses, writing—original draft preparation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Riyaz, M., Shah, R.A., Savarimuthu, I. et al. Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of Eudocima salaminia (Cramer, 1777) (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), novel gene rearrangement and phylogenetic relationship within the superfamily Noctuoidea. Mol Biol Rep 48, 4449–4463 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06465-z

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