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A novel barcode system for rapid identification of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties using agro-morphological descriptors and molecular markers

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Abstract

Rice varietal identification is a crucial aspect in breeding, seed production and trade in order to protect the interests of the farmers and consumers. As the number of varieties released is rising every year, the need to identify them unambiguously also increases. Here, we developed a novel barcode system to identify 62 rice genotypes using agro-morphological descriptors and molecular markers. In all, 62 rice genotypes, for 22 agro-morphological traits were recorded. In addition, 19 molecular markers were used for developing genotype-specific DNA fingerprints. The descriptor notes of 10 essential agro-morphological traits and allele codes of the polymorphic markers were used to generate two-dimensional (2-D) barcodes for the rice genotypes. Using agro-morphological traits, 31 rice genotypes were unambiguously distinguished while, with the polymorphic markers we were able to distinguish all rice genotypes except BPT2295 and Jaya. However, using both agro-morphological descriptors and molecular markers in combination, it was possible to distinguish all the rice genotypes used in the present study. These agro-morphological notes and allele codes from the molecular marker data together were used to develop QR (Quick Response) codes for rapid identification of rice genotypes as they facilitate storage of more data. In the present investigation, we have demonstrated the potentiality of agro-morphological traits and molecular markers in distinguishing rice genotypes. The novel QR code system proposed in the present study can also be extended to other crops not only for varietal identification but also for germplasm management and trade.

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Abbreviations

DUS:

Distinctness, uniformity and stability

CKVs:

Common knowledge varieties

QR:

Quick response

2D:

2 Dimensional

PPV&FRA:

Protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights act

PVP:

Plant variety protection

UPOV:

International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants

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Acknowledgements

MB is greatful to S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, ANGRAU for providing the facilities to conduct the experiment.

Funding

MB is grateful to ANGRAU for providing financial assistance.

Author information

Author notes

  1. M. Bhargavi and K. Maneesha contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India

    M. Bhargavi, K. Maneesha, D. M. Withanawasam, Kavitha R. Aratikatla, S. Himabindu, M. Prashanth, P. Shanthi, Madhavi L. Kommana, D. Mohan Reddy & Lakshminarayana R. Vemireddy

  2. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India

    D. Mohan Reddy

  3. Department of Satistics and Computer Applications, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India

    B. Ravindra Reddy

  4. Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Lakshminarayana R. Vemireddy

Authors
  1. M. Bhargavi
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  2. K. Maneesha
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  3. D. M. Withanawasam
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  4. Kavitha R. Aratikatla
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  5. S. Himabindu
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  6. M. Prashanth
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  7. P. Shanthi
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  8. Madhavi L. Kommana
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  9. D. Mohan Reddy
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  10. B. Ravindra Reddy
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  11. Lakshminarayana R. Vemireddy
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Contributions

LRV, PS, DMR, BRR Conceived the experiment and prepared the manuscript. MB, KM conducted the experiment. WDM, KRA, SH, MP, MLK assisted in field work and statistical analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lakshminarayana R. Vemireddy.

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Bhargavi, M., Maneesha, K., Withanawasam, D.M. et al. A novel barcode system for rapid identification of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties using agro-morphological descriptors and molecular markers. Mol Biol Rep 48, 2209–2221 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06230-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06230-2

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