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Behavioural and biochemical parameters in guppy (Poecilia vivipara) following exposure to waterborne zinc in salt or hard water

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Abstract

Zinc is an essential trace mineral that is involved in many biological processes. In elevated concentrations, this metal may have toxic effects for aquatic organisms. Physicochemical properties of water, such as salinity and hardness, can influence the bioavailability of zinc and, therefore its toxicity in aquatic environments. Therefore, this study aimed investigate the influence of salinity, hardness on Zn toxicity on the behaviours and biochemical parameters of the estuarine guppy (Poecilia vivipara). The fish were exposed to waterborne zinc (500 μg L−1) in salt water (25 ppt) or hard water (120 mg L−1 CaCO3). For behavioural analysis, the locomotive and exploratory parameters of fish in novel environment and light–dark tests were evaluated. We observed that exposure to hard water decreased the distance covered by the fish, and when zinc also present the vertical exploratory behavior decreased. When zinc was tested alone, an increase in the maximum speed of fish was recorded. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, total peroxidation and, reactive oxygen species content, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, non-proteins thiols levels, acetylcholinesterase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities were evaluated in the whole fish body. The integrated biomarker response was calculated for each parameter to aid in the interpretation of the results and indicated that hard water containing zinc had the greatest effect on the biochemical parameters of the fish. In general, neither salinity nor hardness were totally effective in protecting the guppy from the biochemical damage caused by exposure to zinc.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) – Programa PROEX protocol number: 23038.005848/2018-31 and Finance Code 001. Student Jossiele Leitemperger received fellowship from CAPES under protocol number 88882.182137/2018-01. Vania Lucia Loro received research fellowship from CNPq under Process Number: 309314/2017-8.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil

    Jossiele Leitemperger, Talise Ellwanger Müller & Vania Lucia Loro

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil

    Cristina Cerezer, Aline Teixeira Marins & Vania Lucia Loro

  3. Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil

    Letícia Kuhn de Moura

  4. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil

    Vania Lucia Loro

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  1. Jossiele Leitemperger
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  2. Talise Ellwanger Müller
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  3. Cristina Cerezer
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  4. Aline Teixeira Marins
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  5. Letícia Kuhn de Moura
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  6. Vania Lucia Loro
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Correspondence to Vania Lucia Loro.

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Leitemperger, J., Müller, T.E., Cerezer, C. et al. Behavioural and biochemical parameters in guppy (Poecilia vivipara) following exposure to waterborne zinc in salt or hard water. Mol Biol Rep 46, 3399–3409 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-04802-x

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