Abstract
High β-glucan content is one of the main goals of oat breeding programs worldwide. However, the genomic regions and genes controlling β-glucan content in oats are not fully understood. In this sense, the objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to characterize structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in a panel of oat germplasm adapted to subtropical environments; and (ii) to identify genomic regions associated with oat β-glucan content. An oat panel with 413 genotypes was evaluated for β-glucan content under subtropical conditions in different years and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing. Population structure, LD, and genome-wide association (GWA) analyses were carried out. GWA mapping was performed for each year separately and in a multi-environment model. The UFRGS Oat Panel showed weak population structure and has great potential to elucidate many agronomic traits in subtropical environments. Seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with β-glucan content were identified. These QTL are located on Mrg02, Mrg06, Mrg11, Mrg12, Mrg19, and Mrg20. The QTL located on Mrg02, Mrg06, and Mrg11 seem to be genomic regions syntenic with barley. The use of these QTL may be useful to accelerate the genetic progress of oat β-glucan content in subtropical environments.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the PepsiCo Agro & Discovery Laboratory/University of Minnesota for supporting the genotyping-by-sequencing. A special thanks to professor Stephen Harrison (Louisiana State University), David Eickholt (PepsiCo), and Mandy Waters (PepsiCo) for collaborating with this research.
Funding
This study was supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and Rio Grande do Sul State Research Support Foundation (PRONEX/FAPERGS; grant number 16/0484-6). The first author was recipient of CNPq (process number 140273/2016-6) and CAPES (process number 88881.187633/2018-01) PhD fellowships.
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Supplementary Information
Supplementary Fig. 1
Association between enzymatic (reference) and NIRS methods for β-glucan content quantification in oats (PNG 87 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 2
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) scatter plots showing correlations (r2) between marker pairs within each consensus group as a function of genetic position; the red line is a smoothing spline (PNG 504 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 3
Rainfall (gray), mean daily maximum (red), and minimum (blue) temperatures recorded from planting to maturity in three environments: Londrina 2017 (a); Eldorado do Sul 2017 (b); and Eldorado do Sul 2018 (c). Two irrigations of 20 mm were performed in Londrina 2017 between 60 and 95 days after planting. Sources: IAPAR and UFRGS local data (PNG 478 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 4
Quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots of the observed versus expected p values under the null hypothesis for β-glucan content in oats. a, Londrina 2017 (enzymatic); b, Londrina 2017 (NIRS); c, Eldorado do Sul 2017 (NIRS); d, Eldorado do Sul 2018 (NIRS); e, Multi-environment (NIRS) (PNG 65 kb)
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Zimmer, C.M., McNish, I.G., Klos, K.E. et al. Genome-wide association for β-glucan content, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium in elite oat germplasm adapted to subtropical environments. Mol Breeding 40, 103 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-020-01182-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-020-01182-0