Abstract
Until now, no distinct heterotic groups have been established in many rapeseed-growing countries. Numerous modern breeding lines with desirable seed quality have been developed but the loss of genetic diversity would be problematic. Simple sequence repeat markers covering all 19 B. napus linkage groups were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and to classify the heterotic groups of 169 Chinese semi-winter cultivars or inbred lines. The results indicate moderate genetic differentiation among the 169 accessions, which distributed in 10 major groups according to their pedigrees or origins. The Chinese accessions could be divided into two genotypes: northern restorers and southern maintainers for Polima cytoplasm male sterility. The maintainers consisted of nine clades originating from 10 major rapeseed-growing provinces in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The mid-parent heterosis on plant height and yield ability of the intragroup crosses was inferior to that of the intergroup hybrids. When the intragroup parental combinations with short genetic distances (GD) were included in all regressing data, GD is significantly correlated to heterosis level. Three major heterotic patterns were identified: (1) northern restorer × southern maintainer, (2) maintainer from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River × maintainer from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and (3) maintainer from the middle Yangtze River × maintainer from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. For the first time, the results showed the outline of heterotic groups in Chinese rapeseed under the conditions of the Huang-Huai River region.
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Abbreviations
- AAS:
-
Academy of Agriculture Science
- CMS:
-
cytoplasmic male sterility
- GD:
-
genetic distance
- GMS:
-
genic male sterility
- HAU:
-
Huazhong Agriculture University
- HRRC:
-
Hybrid Rapeseed Research Centre
- NWAFU:
-
Northwest A&F University
- OCH:
-
over-control heterosis
- ORI:
-
Oil Crop Research Institute
- MPH:
-
mid-parent heterosis
- PCoA:
-
principal coordinates analysis
- HPH:
-
high-parent heterosis
- PH:
-
plant height
- SCA:
-
specific combining ability
- SCI:
-
second cycle line
- SSR:
-
simple sequence repeat
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This work was financially supported by the projects from the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0101300) and the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province (2018NY-055). The funding body played no role in the design of the study; the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data; and the writing of the manuscript.
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CYY conceived and designed the experiments and prepared the manuscript; QG, JLL and XRL carried out the experiments and ZH, AXX and JGD coordinated the study. All authors drafted and approved the final manuscript.
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Table S1
The pedigrees and origins of plant accessions (DOC 285 kb)
Table S2
Sequences of SSR primers used in this study (DOC 31 kb)
Table S3
PCR amplification results of the SSR primers (DOC 58 kb)
Table S4
Results of the UPGMA cluster using all SSR markers (DOC 39 kb)
Table S5
Results of the neighbour-joining cluster using all SSR markers (DOC 37 kb)
Table S6
Correlation coefficients among the two year‘s data of plant height and yield (DOC 31 kb)
Table S7
Plant height and seed yield of the elite parents and their F1 hybrids (XLSX 15 kb)
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Gong, Q., Lian, JL., Li, XR. et al. The genetic diversity and heterotic groups of 169 Chinese semi-winter rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultivars and inbred lines. Mol Breeding 40, 35 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-020-01121-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-020-01121-z