Abstract
Boredom signals a lack of meaning. Gratitude promotes feelings of meaning in life. We proposed accordingly that gratitude, by engendering meaning, shields against boredom. Specifically, we hypothesized that gratitude prevents boredom by increasing perceptions of meaning in life. We tested this hypothesis in five studies (N = 954). Study 1 revealed that grateful people are less prone to boredom. Studies 2a and 2b demonstrated that grateful people are less prone to boredom, and this relationship is statistically mediated by elevated meaning in life. Study 3 found that dispositional gratitude also predicted less state boredom in response to a behavioural task, via heightened perceptions of meaning in life. In Study 4, experimentally induced gratitude reduced boredom through increased perceptions of meaning in life. The findings demonstrate gratitude’s role in effectively reducing and preventing boredom by boosting the feeling that life is meaningful.
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Data availability
Data files of the conducted studies are available via the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/bygzj/files.
Notes
In Study 2–4, we also tested a secondary process assumption by measuring the search for meaning in life (Steger et al., 2006), a motivated cognitive process to reestablish meaning. Given that boredom is an established precursor to the search for meaning (e.g., Van Tilburg et al., 2019b), if gratitude prevents boredom, we expect that it reduces the subsequent search for meaning that boredom otherwise instigates to further validate the existential process we propose. The results of testing the full sequential mediational model with search for meaning included can be found for Studies 2–4 in supplementary materials.
Of these five participants, one participant from the low boredom condition did not transcribe the reference, one participant in the high boredom condition responded with ‘no’ to every reference, and the other three participants transcribed only certain aspects of each reference, such as an author surname.
The name of the scale is based on the full multidimensional state boredom scale. However, it functions best as a unidimensional measure integrating disengagement (5 items), inattention (2 items) and time perception (1 item), rather than assessing 5 dimensions as the original 29-item scale (Donati et al., 2021; Hunter et al., 2016).
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O’Dea, M.K., Igou, E.R. & van Tilburg, W.A.P. Preventing boredom with gratitude: The role of meaning in life. Motiv Emot 48, 111–125 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-023-10048-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-023-10048-9