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Influence of three dimensionality effects on thermal hydraulic performance for stepped micro pin fin heat sink

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Abstract

Microchannel heat sink is one of the most prominent solutions for high heat flux dissipation problem. In the present numerical study, thermo-hydraulic investigation has been carried out on square pin fin micro heat sink with novel pin fins arrangement. The variable pin fin height in the stepped fashion along the microchannel length in the arrays of two, three and four fins has been considered under same convective surface area constraints. A comparative heat transfer analysis has been performed among stepped configurations of the heat sink. Moreover, comparison is also made with the conventional design of closed microchannel heat sink. The study has been performed under constant heat flux condition using water as cooling medium. 3-Dimensional numerical simulations were carried out for operating range of Reynolds number from 100 to 500 and heat flux of 300 kW/m2. Two main conclusions drawn from present study are: (1) providing tip clearance in microchannel, delivers better overall thermal performance compared to closed configurations in spite of having lesser convective surface area, (2) introduction of variable tip clearance along microchannel length further enhances the performance due to increased fluid mixing and enhanced three dimensionality effects in flow phenomenon. Among all the considered geometries, heat sink with four stepped configuration has shown better overall performance due to favorable fluid flow characteristics.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area, mm2

C :

Perimeter, mm

Cp :

Specific heat, J/kg K

D h :

Hydraulic diameter, mm

H :

Height, mm

k :

Thermal conductivity, W/m K

L :

Length, mm

N :

Total number of pin fins

\(\overline{Nu}\) :

Average Nusselt number

∆p :

Pressure drop, Pa

q :

Heat flux, kW/m2

Re :

Reynolds number

W :

Width, mm

X, Y, Z :

Coordinates

T :

Temperature, K

TPF :

Thermal performance factor

U :

Velocity, m/s

V :

Velocity matrix, m/s

V l :

Total fluid volume, mm3

ff :

Friction factor

ρ :

Density, kg/m3

μ :

Viscosity, kg/m s

avg:

Average

bw :

Bottom wall

c :

Channel

cw :

Contact surface

b :

Bottom substrate thickness

bulk :

Bulk fluid

f :

Fin

l :

Liquid

in :

Inlet

eff :

Effective

sw :

Side wall

s :

Solid substrate

wl :

Wetted surface

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Author notes

  1. Prabhakar Bhandari

    Present address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, 122103, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, 246174, India

    Yogesh K. Prajapati & Arun Uniyal

Authors
  1. Prabhakar Bhandari
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  2. Yogesh K. Prajapati
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Correspondence to Yogesh K. Prajapati.

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Bhandari, P., Prajapati, Y.K. & Uniyal, A. Influence of three dimensionality effects on thermal hydraulic performance for stepped micro pin fin heat sink. Meccanica 58, 2113–2129 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-022-01534-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-022-01534-4

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