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Curcumin revitalizes Amyloid beta (25–35)-induced and organophosphate pesticides pestered neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells via activation of APE1 and Nrf2

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Abstract

Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide deposition is the primary cause of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Several reports point towards the role of pesticides in the AD pathogenesis, especially organophosphate pesticides (OPPs). Monocrotophos (MCP) and Chlorpyrifos (CP) are the most widely used OPPs. In this study, the role of MCP and CP in augmenting the Aβ-induced oxidative stress associated with the neurodegeneration in AD has been assessed in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. From the cell survival assay, it was observed that MCP and CP reduced cell survival both dose- and time-dependently. Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) based assay for determination of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) demonstrated that Aβ(25–35), MCP or CP produce significant oxidative stress alone or synergistically in IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cells, while pretreatment of curcumin reduced ROS levels significantly in all treatment combinations. In this study, we also demonstrate that treatment of Aβ(25–35) and MCP upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) whereas, no change was observed in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS/NOS1), but down-regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) level was observed. While curcumin pretreatment resulted in upregulation of iNOS and Nrf2 proteins. Also, the expression of key DNA repair enzymes APE1, DNA polymerase beta (Pol β), and PARP1 were found to be downregulated upon treatment with MCP, Aβ(25–35) and their combinations at 24 h and 48 h time points. In this study, pretreatment of curcumin to the SH-SY5Y cells enhanced the expression of DNA repair enzymes APE1, pol β, and PARP1 enzymes to counter the oxidative DNA base damage via base excision repair (BER) pathway, and also activated the antioxidant element (ARE) via Nrf2 upregulation. Furthermore, the immunofluorescent confocal imaging studies in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells treated with Aβ(25–35) and MCP-mediated oxidative stress and their combinations at different time periods suggesting for cross-talk between the two proteins APE1 and Nrf2. The APE1’s association with Nrf2 might be associated with the redox function of APE1 that might be directly regulating the ARE-mediated neuronal survival mechanisms.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported to A.K.M. by the grants received from the Alzheimer’s Association (NIRG-11-203527), USA; and the Dept. of Science and Technology [SR/CSI/288/2012(G)], Govt. of India. B.S. acknowledges financial support in the form of a senior research fellowship (SRF) from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India. Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL) facility of CUPB thankfully acknowledged for confocal microscope facility. Because of the limited focus of the article, many relevant and appropriate references could not be included, for which the authors apologize.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India

    Bibekananda Sarkar & Anil K. Mantha

  2. Center for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Monisha Dhiman

  3. Center for Environmental Science & Technology, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Sunil Mittal

Authors
  1. Bibekananda Sarkar
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  2. Monisha Dhiman
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  3. Sunil Mittal
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  4. Anil K. Mantha
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Correspondence to Anil K. Mantha.

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Sarkar, B., Dhiman, M., Mittal, S. et al. Curcumin revitalizes Amyloid beta (25–35)-induced and organophosphate pesticides pestered neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells via activation of APE1 and Nrf2. Metab Brain Dis 32, 2045–2061 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0093-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0093-2

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