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Effects of long-term dehydration on oxidative stress, apoptotic markers and neuropeptides in the gastric mucosa of the dromedary camel

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Abstract

We investigated the effects of 20 days of dehydration and 20 days of dehydration followed by 72 h of rehydration on the gastric mucosa of the one-humped dromedary camel. The parameters addressed include biomarkers of oxidative stress, apoptosis, gastric epithelial histology, gastric neuropeptides, and their receptors. Nineteen clinically healthy, 4–5 year-old male dromedary camels were divided into three groups (five control camels, eight dehydrated for 20 days, six dehydrated for 20 days and then rehydrated for 72 h). Dehydration affected the oxidative stress biomarkers causing a significant increase in malondialdehyde, glutathione, nitric oxide, and catalase values compared with controls. Also the results revealed that dehydration caused different size cellular vacuoles and focal necrosis in the gastric mucosa. Rehydration for 72 h resulted in improvement in some parameters but was not enough to fully abolish the effect of dehydration. Dehydration caused significant increase in apoptotic markers; tumor necrosis factor α, caspases 8 and 3, BcL-x1 and TGFβ whereas caspase 9, p53, Beclin 1, and PARP1 showed no significant change between the three groups indicating that apoptosis was initiated by the extrinsic pathway. Also there were significant increases in prostaglandin E2 receptors and somatostatin in plasma and gastric epithelium homogenate, and a significant decrease in cholecystokinin–8 receptors. A significant decrease of hydrogen potassium ATPase enzyme activity was also observed. Pepsinogen C was not affected by dehydration. It is concluded that long-term dehydration induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in camel gastric mucosa and that camels adjust gastric functions during dehydration towards water economy. More than 72 h are needed before all the effects of dehydration are reversed by rehydration.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a grant from The United Arab Emirates University (UAEU)-Program for Advanced Research (UPAR-31M242). DM is supported by Medical Research Council (MR/N022807/1) and The Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2017-287). We thank Dr. Osman M. Ali for the help with the statistical analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 16103, Al-Ain, UAE

    Mahmoud A. Ali, Naheed Amir, Salim Bastaki & Abdu Adem

  2. PO Box 85689, Al-Ain, UAE

    Hassan Abu Damir

  3. Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE

    E. A. Adeghate

  4. Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, UK

    David Murphy

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  1. Mahmoud A. Ali
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Correspondence to David Murphy or Abdu Adem.

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Ali, M.A., Damir, H.A., Amir, N. et al. Effects of long-term dehydration on oxidative stress, apoptotic markers and neuropeptides in the gastric mucosa of the dromedary camel. Mol Cell Biochem 455, 109–118 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-018-3474-x

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