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Infant Adiposity is Independently Associated with a Maternal High Fat Diet but not Related to Niacin Intake: The Healthy Start Study

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Abstract

Objectives Over-nutrition during pregnancy resulting from maternal obesity or an unhealthy diet can lead to excess infant adiposity at birth. Specific dietary macro- and micronutrients have been shown to increase fat cell development in both in-vitro and in-vivo models and may therefore link maternal diet to increased infant adiposity. We hypothesized that high maternal dietary niacin intake during pregnancy, especially in combination with a high-fat diet (HFD) would increase infant adiposity. Methods We included 1040 participants from a pre-birth cohort of mother-infant pairs. Maternal diet was assessed using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls. HFD was defined as ≥30% of calories from fat and ≥12% of fat calories from saturated fat. Neonatal body composition (% fat mass [%FM], fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM]) was measured by PEAPOD. We used multivariate regression to assess the joint effect of maternal dietary niacin and maternal HFD on neonatal body composition. Results Dietary niacin was not associated with neonatal body composition, and maternal HFD did not modify this finding. However, maternal HFD was independently associated with %FM (β = 0.8 [0.1, 1.4]%, p < 0.01] and FM (β = 32.4 [6.7, 58.0] g, p < 0.01). Conclusions for Practice Our results suggest that a HFD during pregnancy may increase infant adiposity, therefore supporting the need for improved diet counseling of pregnant women at both the clinical and community levels.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to sincerely thank Mrs. Mercedes Martinez, the Healthy Start Project Manager and the entire Healthy Start team for their hard work and dedication. We would also like to thank Becky De la Houssaye for her help and guidance with processing of the umbilical cord tissue and optimization of the SIRT1 assay. Further, we would like to thank Dr. Anne Starling for her thoughtful suggestions during manuscript revisions. The Healthy Start study is funded by the National Institute on Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 #DK076648). Dabelea is responsible for the final content of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health (CSPH), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Campus Box B426, 13001 E. 17th Place Aurora, Denver, CO, USA

    Allison L. B. Shapiro, Jill M. Norris & Dana Dabelea

  2. Department of Biostatistics, CSPH, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA

    Brandy M. Ringham & Deborah H. Glueck

  3. Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA

    Linda A. Barbour

  4. Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA

    Jacob E. Friedman

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  1. Allison L. B. Shapiro
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  2. Brandy M. Ringham
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  3. Deborah H. Glueck
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  4. Jill M. Norris
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  7. Dana Dabelea
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Correspondence to Allison L. B. Shapiro.

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Shapiro, A.L.B., Ringham, B.M., Glueck, D.H. et al. Infant Adiposity is Independently Associated with a Maternal High Fat Diet but not Related to Niacin Intake: The Healthy Start Study. Matern Child Health J 21, 1662–1668 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-2258-8

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